《中国植物志》|| 豆科 LEGUMINOSAE ||黧豆属 Mucuna Adans. ||大果油麻藤 Mucuna macrocarpa Wall.

1l.大果油麻藤 血藤、青山笼（台湾植物志），海凉聋（傣族语 hai liang long）
Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. Cat. no. 5618. 1828-49, et Pl. As. Rar. 1: 41, tab. 47. 1830; Hemsl. in Forb. & Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23:190. 1887; Gagnep. in Lecomte Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 317. 1916; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 580. 1933; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan. 355. 1963; Ohashi & Tateishi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 51:161. 1976;台湾植物志3: 343. Pl. 621. 1977; Thuan. in Aubrev. Fl.Camb. Laos Vietn. 17: 35. 1979; Tateishi & Ohashi in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 94:95. f. 2. 1981; Wilmot-Dear in Kew Bull. 39:36. 1984.——M. ferruginea Matsumura ex Ito & Matsumura in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 12: 422. 1899; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:469. 1911; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 1:197. 1911; Kanehira, Formos. Trees, Rev. ed. 305. f. 259. 1936.——M. subferruginea Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 3:74. 1913.——M. collettii Lace in Kew Bull. 1915: 398. 1915; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan. 160. 1917.——M. castanea Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 11: 44. 1932; 海南植物志2: 314. 图454. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 428. 图2725. 1972;——M. wangii Hu in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. Ser. 10: 146. 1940.——M. gigantea auct. non (Wind.) DC.: Matsumura, Tent. Fl. Lutch. 422. 1899, et in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 16: 85. 1902; Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Jap. 742. 1925 & ed 2, 588. 1931.
大型木质藤本。茎具纵棱脊和褐色皮孔，被伏贴灰白色或红褐色细毛，尤以节上为 密，老茎常光秃无毛。羽状复叶具3小叶，叶长25-33厘米；托叶脱落；叶柄长8-13（-15）厘米；叶轴长2-4.5厘米，小叶纸质或革质，顶生小叶椭圆形、卵状椭圆形、卵形或稍倒卵形，长10-19厘米，宽5-10厘米，先端急尖或圆，具短尖头，很少微缺，基部圆或稍微楔形；侧生小叶极偏斜，长10.5-17厘米；上面无毛或被灰白色或带红色伏贴短毛，在脉上和嫩叶上常较密；侧脉每边5-6；小托叶长5毫米。花序通常生在老茎上，长5-23厘米，有5-12节；花多聚生于顶部，每节有2-3花，常有恶臭；花梗长8-10毫米，密被伏贴的淡褐色或深褐色短毛和稀疏深褐色或红褐色细刚毛；苞片和小苞片脱落；花萼密被伏贴的深褐色或淡褐色短毛和灰白或红褐色脱落的刚毛，花萼宽杯形，长8-12毫米，宽12-20毫米，2侧齿长3-4毫米，最下齿长5-6毫米；花冠暗紫色，但旗瓣带绿白色，旗瓣长3-3.5厘米，先端圆，基部的耳很小，长约1毫米，翼瓣长4-5.2厘米，宽1.5-1.7厘米，瓣柄长5-7毫米，耳长3-5毫米，龙骨瓣长5-6.3厘米，瓣柄长8-10毫米，耳长1-3毫米；雄蕊管长4.5-5.5厘米。果木质，带形，长26-45厘米，宽3-5厘米，厚7-10毫米，近念珠状，直或稍微弯曲，密被直立红褐色细短毛，部分近于无毛，具不规则的脊和皱纹，具6-12颗种子，内部隔膜木质，厚1-5毫米，边缘加厚，无沟槽，与边缘相平行处常具不规则木质脊，但沿背腹缝线边缘无圆形的坚硬凸起；种子黑色，盘状，但稍不对称，两面平，长2.2-3厘米，宽1.8-2.8厘米，厚5-10毫米，种脐围绕种子周围的3/4或更多，暗褐色或黑色。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
产云南、贵州、广东、海南、广西、台湾。生于海拔800-2500米的山地或河边常绿或落叶林中，或开阔灌丛和干沙地上。印度、尼泊尔、锡金、缅甸、泰国、越南和日本也有分布。

《云南植物志》|| 蝶形花科 Papilionaceae ||黧豆属 Mucuna Adans. ||大果油麻藤 Mucuna macrocarpa Wall.

6. 大果油麻藤 图版154: 10-13
血滕、青山笼（台湾植物志），海凉聋（傣语 hai liang long）
Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. (1830); Gagnep. in Lecomte (1916); 中国植物志 (1995).
Mucuna castanea Merr. (1932); 图鉴 (1972)*.
大型木质藤本。茎具纵棱脊和褐色皮孔，被灰白色或红褐色伏贴细毛，节上尤密，老茎常光凸无毛。托叶脱落；羽状复叶具3小叶，叶长25-33厘米；叶柄长8-13（-15）厘米；叶轴长2-4.5厘米；小叶片纸质或近革质，顶生小叶片卵状椭圆形或稍倒卵形，长10-19厘米，宽5-10厘米，先端常具短尖头，有时微缺，基部近圆形；侧生小叶极偏斜，长10.5-17厘米，上面无毛或被灰白色或带红色伏贴短毛，脉或嫩叶上较密；侧脉每边5-6；小托叶长5毫米。花序长5-23厘米，有5-12节，每节有2-3朵花，通常生在老茎上；花梗长8-10毫米，密被褐色的伏贴短毛或红褐色脱落的刚毛；苞片和小苞片脱落；花萼宽杯状，长8-12毫米，宽12-20毫米，2侧齿长3-4毫米，最下齿长5-6毫米，密被毛；花冠暗紫色，旗瓣长3-3.5厘米，先端圆，基部的耳很小，长约1毫米，带绿白色，翼瓣长4-5.2厘米，宽1.5-1.7厘米，瓣柄长5-7毫米，耳长3-5毫米，龙骨瓣长5-6.3厘米，瓣柄长8-10毫米，耳长1-3毫米；雄蕊管长4.5-5.5厘米。果木质，长26-45厘米，宽3-5厘米，厚7-10毫米，带形，近念珠状，直或稍弯曲，密被直立红褐色细短毛，部分近于无毛，具不规则的脊和皱纹，具种子6-12颗，隔膜木质，厚约1-5毫米，边缘常加厚，无沟槽，与边缘相平行处常具不规则木质脊，但沿背缝线边缘无圆形的坚硬凸起；种子黑色，盘状，稍不对称，两面平，长2.2-3.5厘米，宽1.8-2.8厘米，厚5-10毫米，种脐围绕种子周长的3/4或更多，暗褐色或黑色，种子可达13颗。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
产福贡、屏边、广南、景东、景洪、勐海、凤庆；生于海拔1150-2200米的潮湿山沟底、路边阳处灌丛。分布于广西、贵州、广东、海南、台湾。缅甸、越南、泰国、尼泊尔、印度、日本也有。

《Flora of China》|| Fabaceae || Mucuna ||大果油麻藤 Mucuna macrocarpa

3. Mucuna macrocarpa Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 41. 1830.

大果油麻藤 da guo you ma teng

Mucuna castanea Merrill; M. collettii Lace; M. ferruginea Matsumura; M. ferruginea var. bungoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi; M. ferruginea var. irukanda (Ohwi) Ohwi; M. irukanda Ohwi; M. irukanda var. bungoensis Ohwi; M. subferruginea Hayata; M. wangii Hu.

Large woody vines. Young stems usually with abundant fine brown adpressed or spreading hairs, later usually glabrous. Leaves 25-33 cm; petiole 8-13(-15) cm, usually hairy like stem; stipels usually not persistent even on young leaves but occasionally present, robust, 2-5 mm; leaflets papery or leath­ery, glabrous or with abundant light brown or reddish adpressed or spreading hairs especially on veins, lateral veins (3 or)4-6(or 7) pairs, gently curved; terminal leaflet ovate, elliptic, or slightly obovate, (7-)10-19 × (3-)5-10 cm, base rounded or slightly cuneate, apex broadly acute or shortly acuminate; lateral leaf­lets 10.5-17 cm, width ratio of abaxial to adaxial halves 2:1, base of abaxial half truncate. Inflorescence usually arising from old stems, 5-23 cm, with 5-17 nodes usually spaced throughout most of length; pedicels 8-10 mm, with dense minute brown spreading hairs and sparse fine bristles; bracts and bracteoles ovate, bracteoles 2-5 mm, shorter than calyx, caducous. Calyx with dense minute spreading hairs and pale caducous bristles; tube 8-12 × 12-20 mm; lateral lobes 3-4 mm, lowest 5-6 mm. Corolla bicolored, standard greenish or pinkish white, wings deep purple, keel lighter purple or sometimes yellowish green; flowers occasionally large with standard, wings, and keel up to respectively 4.5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm, but usually shorter: stan­dard 3-3.5 cm, apex with margin conspicuously brown pubes­cent in apical 1/4-1/3; wings 4-5.2(-5.6) × 1.5-1.7 cm, margin around apex pubescent like standard; keel 5-6.3 cm. Legume linear, straight or slightly curved, 26-48 × 3-5 cm, 7-10 mm thick, woody, with margins often markedly constricted between seeds, base without narrow neck, with dense minute spreading hairs or partly glabrous with age, with irregular ribs and wrinkles, interior septum woody, 1-5 mm thick, margins not distinctly thickened and without median groove along suture but often with irregular woody ribs closely parallel to margin, apex acute. Seeds 6-15, dull black, disk-shaped, slightly asym­metric, laterally flattened, 2.2-3 × 1.8-2.8 cm, 5-10 mm thick; hilum deep brown or black, length ca. 3/4 of seed circumfer­ence or more. Fl. Nov-May, fr. Apr-Nov.

Evergreen or deciduous montane or riverine forests, open shrubs, dry sandy lands; 800-3000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thai­land, Vietnam].

Mucuna macrocarpa is distinctive in its leaves usually without persistent stipels, flowers usually bicolored with conspicuously pubes­cent petal margins at apex, and legume large and linear with thickened but unwinged margin. It is often confused in fruit with M. sempervirens, which differs by its indumentum sparse, pale; flowers not pubescent at their apex; and fruit with finer, more regular, reticulate surface pat­terning and a distinct rounded margin along both sutures. Mucuna bo­dinieri also has similar flowers and fruit but differs markedly by its rounded leaflets with dense pale indumentum. Large-flowered forms of M. macrocarpa with persistent stipels can be confused in flower with M. macrobotrys, which is distinguished by the uniformly purple corolla, wings often relatively broader, and standard often shorter relative to keel. Mucuna "sp. B" of Wilmot-Dear (Kew Bull. 39: 39. 1984) is a variant of M. macrocarpa.