《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||万寿菊属 Tagetes L. ||万寿菊 Tagetes erecta L.

2. 万寿菊 臭芙蓉
Tagetes erecta L. Sp. Pl. 887. 1753; DC. Prodr. 5: 643. 1836; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志 542. 1956; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册 772. 图1244. 1959.
一年生草本，高50-150厘米。茎直立，粗壮，具纵细条棱，分枝向上平展。叶羽状分裂，长5-10厘米，宽4-8厘米，裂片长椭圆形或披针形，边缘具锐锯齿，上部叶裂片的齿端有长细芒；沿叶缘有少数腺体。头状花序单生，径5-8厘米，花序梗顶端棍棒状膨大；总苞长1.8-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，杯状，顶端具齿尖；舌状花黄色或暗橙色；长2.9厘米，舌片倒卵形，长1.4厘米，宽1.2厘米，基部收缩成长爪，顶端微弯缺；管状花花冠黄色，长约9毫米，顶端具5齿裂。瘦果线形，基部缩小，黑色或褐色，长8-11毫米，被短微毛；冠毛有1-2个长芒和2-3个短而钝的鳞片。花期7-9月。
原产墨西哥。我国各地均有栽培。在广东和云南南部、东南部已归化。

《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||万寿菊属 Tagetes L. ||万寿菊 Tagetes erecta L.

2. 万寿菊 (江苏南部种子植物手册) 图版65：1-4
臭芙蓉，蜂窝菊
Tagetes erecta L. (1753); DC. (1836); C. B. Clarke (1876); Kia (1937); 广州植物志 (1956)*; 江苏南部种子植物手册 (1959)*; Kitam. in Hara (1966); S. Y. Hu (1968); 中国植物志 (1979); Kitam. et Gould in Hara et al. (1982); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 秦岭植物志 (1985).
一年生草本，高50-90厘米，全株有臭味。茎直立，基部粗3-8毫米，多分枝，茎和枝具纵纹。叶互生，有时兼有近对生或对生叶，叶片轮廓长椭圆形或倒披针形，长5-11厘米，宽3-6厘米，羽状全裂，裂片4-11对，叶轴具狭翅；裂片狭椭圆形或狭披针形，长1-6厘米，宽0.3-0.9厘米，先端渐尖或茎上部的长芒尖，基部楔形，边缘具尖齿或茎最上部的全缘，齿基部常具黄色、径0.2-0.4毫米的圆形腺点，两面绿色，无毛，中脉在表面平、背面凸起，侧脉数对，极纤细。头状花序单生于茎和枝先端，径4-7厘米；花序梗棒状，长5-12厘米，粗1.5-3毫米，近先端显著膨大，粗达10毫米，中空，无毛，具细棱；总苞片1层，连合成钟形或狭钟形，长1.8-2.2厘米，径1-2厘米，绿色，具黄绿色或黄褐色纵向的短线斑，先端具8个三角形的裂齿，齿基部常具1-2个腺点；花序托稍凸起，蜂窝状。外围雌花舌状，舌状花1层， 40-50朵，舌片黄色，倒卵形或宽倒卵形，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，上端全缘或微波状，管部长5-8毫米，子房线形，长7-10毫米，花柱2分枝细长，伸出管部外，中央两性花多数，管状，长1.5-2厘米，黄色，先端5齿裂，花药淡黄色，隐藏于花冠内，子房线形，长7-8毫米，花柱内藏。瘦果线形，长8-10毫米，粗约1毫米，向下渐狭，具5棱，沿棱被向上紧贴的微毛，成熟时黑色；冠毛通常5枚，其中2枚较长的披针状线形，长8-10毫米，不等长，先端长芒尖，具缘毛，3枚较短的条状，长约5毫米，近等长，先端钝。花果期7-11月。
我省许多地区栽培并归化。我国各地有栽培。原产墨西哥。
全草药用，有平肝潜阳、清热解毒、止咳化痰、祛风除湿、补血的功效。还供观赏。

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Tagetes || Tagetes erecta

4. Tagetes erecta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753.

African or French marigold

Tagetes patula Linnaeus; T. tenuifolia Cavanilles

Annuals, 10–120+ cm. Leaf blades 30–120(–250+) mm overall, principal lobes/leaflets 9–25, lanceolate to lance-linear, 15–25(–45+) × 3–8(–12+) mm. Heads borne ± singly. Peduncles 30–100(–150+) mm. Involucres 10–22+ × (3–)5–12+ mm. Ray florets (3–)5–8+ (to 100+ in "double" cultivars); laminae yellow to orange, red-brown (sometimes particolored: yellow/red-brown), or white (some cultivars), ± flabellate to oval-quadrate, (2–)12–18(–25+) mm. Disc florets (10–)50–120+; corollas 7–12+ mm. Cypselae 6–11 mm; pappi of 0–2, ± subulate-aristate scales 6–12+ mm plus 2–4 distinct or connate, linear-oblong, ± erose scales 2–6+ mm. 2n = 24, 48.

Flowering ± year round. Disturbed sites; 0–1000+ m; Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., Fla., Ill., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mo., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Utah, Vt., Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico.

Cultivars of Tagetes erecta are widely grown in gardens and, commercially, for cut flowers. They often persist after abandoned plantings. Tetraploid plants (2n = 48) with smaller involucres and wholly or partially red-brown corollas included here in T. erecta have been called T. patula by some botanists.

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Tagetes ||万寿菊 Tagetes erecta

1. Tagetes erecta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753.

万寿菊 wan shou ju

Tagetes patula Linnaeus; T. tenuifolia Cavanilles.

Annuals, 10-120 cm. Leaf blades 30-120(-250) mm overall, principal lobes/leaflets 9-25, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 15-25(-45) × 3-8(-12) mm. Capitula solitary; peduncles 30-100(-150) mm; involucres 10-22+ × (3-)5-12 mm; phyllaries 5-8. Ray florets (3-)5-8(-100 in "double" cultivars); lamina yellow to orange, red-brown (sometimes bi-colored: yellow/ red-brown), or white (some cultivars), flabellate to ovate-quadrate, (2-)12-18(-25) mm. Disk florets (10-)50-120; corollas 7-12 mm. Achenes 6-11 mm; pappus of 0-2 subulate-aristate scales 6-12 mm and 2-4 distinct or connate, linear-oblong, erose scales 2-6+ mm. Fl. Jun-Oct. 2n = 24, 48.

Widely cultivated in China [native to North America].

Cultivars of Tagetes erecta are widely grown in gardens and, commercially, for cut flowers. They often persist after plantings are abandoned. Tetraploid plants (2n = 48) with smaller involucres and wholly or partially red-brown corollas included here in T. erecta have been called T. patula by some botanists.