《中国植物志》|| 灯心草科 JUNCACEAE ||枯灯心草组 Sect. Sphacelati K. F. Wu ||栗花灯心草 Juncus castaneus Smith

74.栗花灯心草（秦岭植物志）图版55：5-8
Juncus castaneus Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 383. 1800; Buchen. in Bot. Jahrb. 12: 403. 1890 et in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 25: (IV. 36) : 233. 1906; V. Krecz. et Gontsch. in Kom. Fl. URSS. 3: 525. t. 30. fig. 11. 1935; S. Snogerup in Tutin, Fl. Europ. 5: 111. 1980; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 306. 图279. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 418. 1976. ——J. triceps Rostk. de Junco 48. t. l. fig. 4. 1801; Grub. Key Vasc. Pl. Mong. 61. 1982.
多年生草本，高15-40厘米，具长根状茎及黄褐色须根。茎直立，单生或丛生，圆柱形，直径2-3.5毫米，具纵沟纹，绿色。叶基生和茎生；低出叶鞘状或鳞片状，褐色至红褐色；基生叶2-4枚，长6-25厘米，宽3-6毫米，顶端尖，边缘常内卷或折叠；叶鞘长5-11厘米，边缘膜质，松弛抱茎，无叶耳；茎生叶1枚或缺，较短；叶片扁平或边缘内卷。花序由2-8个头状花序排成顶生聚伞状，花序梗不等长，长1-4厘米；叶状总苞片1-2枚，线状披针形，顶端细长，常超出花序；头状花序含4-10朵花，直径7-8毫米（花期）；苞片2-3枚，披针形，常短于花；花具长约2毫米的花梗；花被片披针形，长4-5毫米，顶端渐尖，外轮者背脊明显，稍长于内轮，暗褐色至淡褐色；雄蕊6枚，短于花被片；花药黄色，长约1毫米；花丝线形，长约2毫米；花柱长1-1.5毫米；柱头3分叉，线形，长2-3毫米。蒴果三棱状长圆形，长6-7毫米，顶端逐渐变细呈喙状，果实超出花被片，具3个隔膜，成熟时深褐色。种子长圆形，长约1毫米，黄色，锯屑状，两端各有长约1毫米的白色附属物。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
产吉林、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川、云南。生于海拔2100-3 100米的山地湿草甸、沼泽地。蒙古、俄罗斯东部、欧洲、北美也有分布。

《云南植物志》|| 灯心草科 Juncaceae ||灯心草属 Juncus Linn. ||栗花灯心草 Juncus castaneus Smith

50.栗花灯心草（秦岭植物志）
Juncus castaneus Smith (1800); Buchen. in Engl. (1906); 图鉴 (1976), in nota; 秦岭植物志 (1976)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); K. F. Wu (1994); 中国植物志 (1997)*.
多年生草本，具长根状茎。植株高25—35厘米。叶基生与茎生；叶鞘松弛，质薄，长1—2厘米；叶耳不显著；叶片长5—10厘米，宽3—4毫米。花序圆锥状，通常由数枚头状花序组成，分枝较长，其下苞片叶状；头状花序直径6—8毫米；小苞片披针形，膜质；花被片6，披针形，栗褐色，外轮长于内轮；雄蕊6，长为花被片1/2—2/3，花药黄色，长约1毫米；子房卵圆形，具花柱，长1.5毫米，柱头三叉状，线形，伸出花冠之上。蒴果栗褐色，长达6毫米。种子长约1毫米，两端具尾状附属物。
产云南；生于高山草地。吉林、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川也有。分布于蒙古、俄罗斯东部、欧洲、北美。
作者未见云南标本，仅据文献转述。

《Flora of North America》|| Juncaceae || Juncus || Juncus castaneus

61. Juncus castaneus Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 383. 1800.

Juncus castaneus var. pallidus (Hooker ex Buchenau) B. Boivin; J. castaneus subsp. leucochlamys (N. W. Zinger. ex V. I. Kreczetowicz) Hultén; J. leucochlamys N. W. Zinger ex V. I. Kreczetowicz

Herbs, perennial, strongly rhizomatous, 1--4 dm. Culms solitary, 1--2 mm diam. Cataphylls 1--2. Leaves partially cauline, 3--5, auricles absent distally, rounded proximally; blade channeled, to 20 cm, reduced distally. Inflorescences glomerules, 1--3(--5), each with 2--10 flowers; peduncles 0.4--1.5 cm; primary bracts somewhat inflated, usually surpassing inflorescence. Flowers: bracteoles absent; tepals brown or occasionally paler, lanceolate, 4.5--6.6 mm, apex acute to obtuse; inner series slightly shorter; stamens 6, filaments 2.5--3.5 mm, anthers 0.6--1.3 mm; style 1--1.3 mm. Capsules chestnut brown, 3-locular, narrowly oblong, 6.5--8.5 x 1.8--2.3 mm. Seeds pale yellow, fusiform, body 0.6--0.7 mm, tails 0.8--1.1 mm. 2n = 60, 90, 120.

Flowering and fruiting late spring--summer. Tundra, subalpine and alpine bogs and meadows, and along streams in gravelly or clayey soils; 10--3700 m; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Colo., Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Utah, Wyo.; Europe; Asia.

In southern Alaska some plants with several many-flowered heads and capsules about double the length of the perianth have been referred to the Asian Juncus castaneus subsp. leucochlamys. The distinction, however, seems dubious without further investigation.

《Flora of China》|| Juncaceae || Juncus ||栗花灯心草 Juncus castaneus

73. Juncus castaneus Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 383. 1800.

栗花灯心草 li hua deng xin cao

Plants perennial, 15--40 cm tall. Rhizome of long, subterranean runners. Stem usually solitary, terete, 2--3.5 mm in diam. Cataphylls few. Basal leaves 2--4, cauline leaf absent or 1; leaf sheath auricles absent; leaf blade flat, 6--25 cm × 3--6 mm, margin usually involute. Inflorescences with involucral bracts 1 or 2, leaflike, usually longer than inflorescence; heads 2--8, hemispheric, 7--9 mm in diam. at anthesis, 4--10-flowered; bracts 2 or 3, lanceolate, usually shorter than flowers. Pedicels ca. 2 mm. Perianth segments dark brown to chestnut brown, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 4--5 mm, unequal with outer ones slightly longer than inner, apex acuminate. Stamens 6; filaments ca. 2 mm; anthers ca. 1 mm. Style 1--1.5 mm; stigmas 2--3 mm. Capsule trigonous ellipsoid, 6--7 mm, 3-septate, base lighter colored, apex reddish brown, tapered to an acute tip. Seeds ca. 1 mm, both ends appendaged; appendages white, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep. 2 n = 40, 60.

Wet meadows or swamps in mountainous areas; 2100--3100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Russia (Siberia); Europe, North America].