《中国植物志》|| 大戟科 EUPHORBIACEAE ||欧亚大戟组 Sect. 8. Tithymalus Duby ||狼毒 Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.

47.狼毒（神农本草经）图版26：4-7
Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed 2, 611. 1840; Hurusawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 6: 345. 1940; 东北草本植物志6: 40.图版15: 1-4.1977; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 623.图2976.1972; 内蒙古植物志4: 50.图24.1979; J. S. Ma ＆ C. Y. Wu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. (in press). ——Eaphorbia pallasii Turca. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 11, 12: 1004, 1838, nom. transf.; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 114. 1862; Forb.＆ Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 415. 1898; Litvinov in Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross 8: 97. 1922; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 7. 1931, p. p.; Croizat in Journ. Arn. Arb. 21: 492. 1940, in nota; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 343. 1949; J. S. Ma＆C. Y. Wu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14 (4): 363. 1992; et in Collect. Bot. 21: 111. 1992. ——E. verticillata Fisch. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3: 81.1812; non Vell 1829, nec. Desf. 1804. ——E. pallasu Turcz. var. pilosa Regel, Tent. Fl. Ross. 128. 1861. ——E. fischeriana Stead. var. pilosa (Regel) Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 303. 1939; 东北草本植物志6: 40. 1977. ——E. koraaroviana Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 343 et 734. pl. 18: 2. 1949. ——E. fscheriana Stead. var. komamviana (Prokh.) Chu in东北草本植物志6: 40.图版15: 5.1977
多年生草本，除生殖器官外无毛。根圆柱状，肉质，常分枝，长20-30厘米，直径4-6厘米。茎单一不分枝，高15-45厘米，直径5-7毫米。叶互生，于茎下部鳞片状，呈卵状长圆形，长1-2厘米，宽4-6毫米，向上渐大，逐渐过渡到正常茎生叶；茎生叶长圆形，长4-6.5厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端圆或尖，基部近平截，侧脉羽状不明显；无叶柄；总苞叶同茎生叶，常5枚；伞幅5，长4-6厘米；次级总苞叶常3枚，卵形，长约4厘米，宽约2厘米；苞叶2枚，三角状卵形，长与宽均约2厘米，先端尖，基部近平截。序单生二歧分枝的顶端，无柄；总苞钟状，具白色柔毛，高约4毫米，直径4-5毫米，边缘4裂，裂片圆形，具白色柔毛；腺体4,半圆形，淡褐色。雄花多枚，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄长3-5毫米；子房密被白色长柔毛；花柱3,中部以下合生；柱头不分裂，中部微凹。蒴果卵球状，长约6 毫米，直径6-7毫米，被白色长柔毛；果柄长达5毫米；花柱宿存；成熟时分裂为3个分果爿。种子扁球状，长与直径均约4毫米，灰褐色，腹面条纹不清；种阜无柄。花果期5-7月。
产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古（东部）和山东（烟台、崂山）。生于海拔100-600米的草原、干燥丘陵坡地、多石砾干山坡及阳坡稀疏的松林下。分布于蒙古和俄罗斯（东西伯利亚）模式标本采自达乌里。
根入药，主治结核类、疮瘘癣类等，有毒。

《Flora of China》|| Euphorbiaceae || Euphorbia ||狼毒 Euphorbia fischeriana

48. Euphorbia fischeriana Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 611. 1840.

狼毒 lang du

Euphorbia fischeriana var. komaroviana (Prokhanov) Y. C. Chu; E. komaroviana Prokhanov; E. pallasii Turczaninow; E. verticillata Fischer.

Herbs, 15-45 cm tall. Root terete, usually branched, 20-30 × 4-6 cm. Stem single, 5-7 mm thick. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; basal scale-leaves ovate-oblong, 1-2 cm × 4-6 mm; petiole absent; leaf blades gradually larger upward, to oblong, 4-6.5 × 1-2 cm, base subtruncate, apex rounded or acute; lateral veins inconspicuous. Primary involucral leaves usually 5, similar to normal leaves, primary rays 5, 4-6 cm; secondary involucral leaves usually 3, ovate, ca. 4 × 2 cm; cyathophylls 2, triangular-ovate, ca. 2 × 2 cm, base subtruncate, apex acute. Cyathium sessile; involucre campanulate, ca. 4 × 4-5 mm, white pubescent, lobes rounded, white pubescent; glands 4, pale brown, rounded. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary pedicel 3-5 mm, exserted from cup; ovary densely white pubescent; styles connate below middle, persistent; style arms unlobed, slightly emarginate at middle. Fruiting peduncle to 5 mm; capsule ovoid-globose, ca. 6 × 6-7 mm, white pilose. Seeds compressed globose, ca. 4 × 4 mm, gray-brown, adaxially striate, striae unclear; caruncle present, sessile. Fl. and fr. May-Jul.

Grasslands, dry lower mountain slopes, Pinus forests; 100-600 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, E Nei Mongol, Shandong (Laoshan, Yantai) [Japan, Korea, E Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia, Far East)].

The root is used in traditional Chinese medicine.