《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||土木香组 Sect. Corvisartia (Merat) Dumort. ||土木香 Inula helenium L.

1. 土木香（蜀本草）青木香（祁州）图版40：3
Inula helenium L., Sp. Pl. 881. 1753; Ledeb., Fl. Alt. 4: 94. 1833; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 180. 1861; Danguy, in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 20: 31. 1914; Gorschk., in Fl. URSS, 25: 440. 1959; Hu S. Y. in Quart. Journ. Taiw. Mus. 19, 3-4: 298. 1966; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 479. 图6371. 1975. ——Corvisartia helenium Merat, Fl. Par., ed. 2, 2: 261. 1812.——Aster helenium Scop. Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 171. 1772.——Helenium grandiflorum Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. 3: 204. 1871.
多年生草本，根状茎块状，有分枝。茎直立，高60-150或达250厘米，粗壮，径达1厘米，不分枝或上部有分枝，被开展的长毛，下部有较疏的叶；节间长4-15厘米，基部叶和下部叶在花期常生存，基部渐狭成具翅长达20厘米的柄，连同柄长30-60厘米，宽10-25厘米；叶片椭圆状披针形，边缘有不规则的齿或重齿，顶端尖，上面被基部疣状的糙毛，下面被黄绿色密茸毛；中脉和近20对的侧脉在下面稍高起，网脉显明；中部叶卵圆状披针形或长圆形，长15-35厘米，宽5-18厘米，基部心形，半抱茎；上部叶较小，披针形。头状花序少数，径6-8厘米，排列成伞房状花序；花序梗长6-12厘米，为多数苞叶所围裹；总苞5-6层，外层草质，宽卵圆形，顶端钝常，反折，被茸毛，宽6-9毫米，内层长圆形，顶端扩大成卵圆三角形，干膜质，背面有疏毛，有缘毛，较外层长达3倍，最内层线形，顶端稍扩大或狭尖。舌状花黄色；舌片线形，长2-3厘米，宽2-2.5毫米，顶端有3-4个浅裂片；管状花长约9-10毫米，有披针形裂片。冠毛污白色，长8-10毫米，有极多数具细齿的毛。瘦果四或五面形，有棱和细沟，无毛，长3-4毫米。花期6-9月。
广泛分布于欧洲（中部、北部、南部）、亚洲（西部、中部）、苏联西伯利亚西部至蒙古北部和北美。在我国分布于新疆，其它许多地区常栽培。
据牧野、中尾、末村等考订，蜀本草和本草所载的土木香应是此种。此种是古代外来药草，原产欧洲，根供药用。根和叶都含有土木香粉 (inulin) 和1-2％的精油；精油中的主要成分 Alantolekton C15H20O2，是家畜驱除蛔虫良药。土木香亦可作为健胃、利尿、祛痰和驱虫药；对结核性患者也用为强壮药。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Inula ||土木香 Inula helenium

2. Inula helenium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 881. 1753.

土木香 tu mu xiang

Aster helenium (Linnaeus) Scopoli; Corvisartia helenium (Linnaeus) Mérat.

Herbs, perennial. Stems 60-150(-250) cm tall, pubescent. Basal leaves ± elliptic, mostly 15-40 × 10-20 cm, abaxially velvety lanate, adaxially thinly hairy, bases decurrent to strongly ribbed petioles, margins callose-denticulate, otherwise entire; cauline leaves ovate or elliptic to lanceolate, 10-30 × 4.5-12 cm, bases cordate, clasping, margins serrate. Involucre (20-)30-40 mm in diam.; outer phyllaries ovate, oblong, or deltate to lanceolate, 12-20(-25) × 6-8(-20) mm, abaxially velvety hairy, inner ones progressively narrower, less hairy, more scarious. Ray florets (15-)50-100; corolla lamina (10-)20-30+ mm. Disk corollas 9-11 mm. Achenes 3-4 mm, glabrous. Pappus of (40-)50-60 basally connate, barbellate bristles or setiform scales 6-10 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep. 2n = 20.

Roadsides, wastelands, streamsides; below 2000 m. Xinjiang; widely cultivated in China [Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe, North America].

Inula grandis Schrenk ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer (Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 50. 1841) was recorded from Xinjiang by Fl. URSS (25: 441-442. 1959) and Fl. Kazakhst. (8: 391. 1965). It is similar to I. helenium but distinct in having capitula numerous; outer phyllaries glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, middle phyllaries linear, apex acute; and stem and leaves glabrous. We have not seen any specimens, and its distribution in China requires confirmation.

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Inula || Inula helenium

1. Inula helenium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 881. 1753.

Plants 50–100(–200) cm. Leaves: basal blades ± elliptic, mostly 15–40 cm × 100–200+ mm (bases decurrent onto strongly ribbed petioles, margins callose-denticulate, otherwise entire, abaxial faces velvety-woolly, adaxial thinly hairy); cauline blades ovate or elliptic to lanceolate, 10–30 cm × 45–120 mm, bases cordate, clasping, margins serrate. Involucres (20–)30–40 mm diam. Outer phyllaries ovate, oblong, or ± deltate to lanceolate, 12–20(–25+) × 6–8(–20+) mm (abaxially velvety-hairy); inner phyllaries progressively narrower, less hairy, more scarious. Ray florets (15–)50–100+; corolla laminae (10–)20–30+ mm. Disc corollas 9–11 mm. Cypselae 3–4 mm, glabrous; pappi of (40–)50–60 basally connate, barbellate bristles or setiform scales 6–10 mm. 2n = 20.

Flowering mid–late summer. Roadsides, waste places, streamsides; 0–300(–600+) m; introduced; B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Calif., Conn., Del., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., Wis.; Europe; introduced, Asia and beyond.

Inula helenium is widespread in the Old World.