《中国植物志》|| 棕榈科 PALMAE ||槟榔亚族 ARECINAE ||山槟榔属 Pinanga Bl.

24．山槟榔属 Pinanga Bl.
Bl. in Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Neerl. 1: 65. 1838; Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 538. 1877; Becc. et Hook. f. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 406. 1892; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 6; 953. 1937; Becc. et Pic. -Ser. in Webbia 11: 29. 1955; Back. et Bakh. f., Fl. Java 3:193. 1968; 海南植物志4: 165. 1977; 中国种子植物科属词典（修订版）379. 1982; N. Uhl et J. Dransf., Gen. Palm. 412. 1987. ——Pseudopinanga Burret in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 188. 1936.
茎直立，灌木状，有环状叶痕。叶羽状全裂，上部的羽片合生，或罕为单叶。花序生于叶丛之下，佛焰苞单生，花雌雄同序，每3朵（2朵雄花之间有l朵雌花）沿着花序轴上聚生，排成2-4或6纵列；雄花斜三棱形，萼片急尖，具龙骨突起，镊合状排列，花瓣卵形或披针形，镊合状排列，雄蕊6枚或更多，花药近无柄，底着，直立；雌花远比雄花小，卵形或球形，萼片和花瓣同形，覆瓦状排列，子房1室，柱头3，胚珠1颗，基生，直立。果实卵形、椭圆形或近纺锤形，外果皮纤维质。胚乳嚼烂状，胚基生。
本属模式种：Pinanga coronata（Bl. ex Mart.）Bl．
约120种，分布亚洲热带地区。我国产8种，分布于西部（西藏）至南部及海南和台湾。
本属的多数种类树形美观，可作庭园绿化树种栽培；茎秆可作手杖。据文献记载多数种类的种子可作槟榔的代用品。

《云南植物志》|| 棕榈科 Palmae ||棕榈科 Palmae ||山槟榔属 Pinanga Bl.

24.山槟榔属 Pinanga Bl.
茎直立，灌木状，有环状叶痕。叶羽状全裂，上部的羽片合生，或罕为单叶。花序生于叶丛之下，佛焰苞单生，花雌雄同序，每3朵沿着花序轴上聚生，排成2—4或6纵列：雄花斜三棱形，萼片急尖，具龙骨突起，花瓣卵形或披针形，雄蕊6或更多，花药近无柄，底着，直立；雌花远比雄花小，卵形成球形，萼片和花瓣同形，子房1室1胚珠，柱头3。果实卵形、椭圆形或近纺锤形，外果皮纤维质。胚乳嚼烂状，胚基生。
约120种，分布亚洲热带地区。我国产8种，分布于西南、华南和台湾。云南有5种。
本属的多数种类树形美观，可作庭园绿化树种栽培：茎秆可作手杖。据文献记载多数种类的种子可作槟榔的代用品。

《Flora of China》|| Arecaceae || ||山槟榔属 Pinanga

18. Pinanga Blume, Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerlande. 1: 65. 1838.

山槟榔属 shan bin lang shu

Pseudopinanga Burret.

Stems clustered or less often solitary, ringed with prominent leaf scars, tall to short or subterranean. Leaves 5-11, pinnate or occasionally undivided; leaf sheaths closed, forming a prominent, yellowish to reddish green crownshaft (rarely open and not forming crownshafts), usually covered with variously colored scales; pinnae regularly arranged along rachis, spreading in same plane, linear to sigmoid, 1- to several veined, at leaf apex pinnae joined with only a short split at tip, giving pinnae a lobed appearance. Inflorescences branched to 1 order, with a few rachillae, sometimes spicate, borne below crownshaft, rarely among leaves, covered initially with prophyll; rachillae becoming pendulous, seldom remaining erect, usually smooth, sometimes hairy; flowers unisexual, borne throughout in triads of 1 female flower flanked by 2 male flowers, these arranged distichously along rachillae, or less often tristichously or spirally. Fruits red, orange, or black, small, ellipsoid to globose or spindle-shaped, commonly beaked, 1-seeded, ripening through a series of colors, commonly from green to pink to red to black; endosperm ruminate, rarely homogeneous; germination adjacent; eophylls bifid.

About 137 species: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; five species (one endemic) in China.

The record in FRPS (13(1): 140. 1991) of Pinanga hexasticha (Kurz) Scheffer is probably based on a misidentification. Pinanga hexasticha is restricted to Myanmar.