《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||裸果组 Sect. Psilocarpaea DC. ||婆婆针 Bidens bipinnata L.

9. 婆婆针 鬼针草，刺针草 图版64: 3-6
Bidens bipinnata L., Sp. Pl. 832. 1753; DC., Prodr. 5: 603. 1836; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 183. 1861; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 434, 1888; 陈封怀, 静生汇报 5: 56. 1934; 林鎔, 北研丛刊 2: 492. 1934; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1110. 1936; Sherff in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 16: 366, t. 89. fig. l-s, 1937, Kitamura in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 9: 29. 1940, et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 275. 1942; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表383. 1959; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册769. 1959; Vass. in Fl. URSS. 25: 561. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 496. 图6405. 1975.
一年生草本。茎直立，高30-120厘米，下部略具四棱，无毛或上部被稀疏柔毛，基部直径2-7厘米。叶对生，具柄，柄长2-6厘米，背面微凸或扁平，腹面沟槽，槽内及边缘具疏柔毛，叶片长5-14厘米，二回羽状分裂，第一次分裂深达中肋，裂片再次羽状分裂，小裂片三角状或菱状披针形，具1-2对缺刻或深裂，顶生裂片狭，先端渐尖，边缘有稀疏不规整的粗齿，两面均被疏柔毛。头状花序直径6-10毫米；花序梗长1-5厘米（果时长2-10厘米）。总苞杯形，基部有柔毛，外层苞片5-7枚，条形，开花时长2.5毫米，果时长达5毫米，草质，先端钝，被稍密的短柔毛，内层苞片膜质，椭圆形，长3.5-4毫米，花后伸长为狭披针形，及果时长6-8毫米，背面褐色，被短柔毛，具黄色边缘；托片狭披针形，长约5毫米，果时长可达12毫米。舌状花通常1-3朵，不育，舌片黄色，椭圆形或倒卵状披针形，长4-5毫米，宽2.5-3.2毫米，先端全缘或具2-3齿，盘花筒状，黄色，长约4.5毫米，冠檐5齿裂。瘦果条形，略扁，具3-4棱，长12-18毫米，宽约1毫米，具瘤状突起及小刚毛，顶端芒刺3-4枚，很少2枚的，长3-4毫米，具倒刺毛。
产东北、华北、华中、华东、华南、西南及陕西、甘肃等地。生路边荒地、山坡及田间。广布于美洲、亚洲、欧洲及非洲东部。模式标本采自美国东部。
全草入药，有清热解毒、散瘀活血的功效，主治上呼吸道感染、咽喉肿痛、急性阑尾炎、急性黄疸型肝炎、胃肠炎、风湿关节疼痛、疟疾，外用治疮疖、毒蛇咬伤、跌打肿痛。

《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||鬼针草属 Bidens L. ||婆婆针 Bidens bipinnata L.

5. 婆婆针 (中国植物志) 图版64：7-10
鬼针草、刺针草、鬼骨针
Bidens bipinnata L. (1753); Roxb. (1832); DC. (1836); Benth. (1861); Forb. et Hemsl. (1888), excl. syn.; Chen (1934); Ling (1934); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); Sherff (1937)*; Kitam. (1940), (1942); Vass. (1959); S. Y. Hu (1965); Kitam. in Hara (1966), (1968); 图鉴 (1975)*; 中国植物志 (1979)*; Kitam. et Gould in Hara et al. (1982); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 秦岭植物志 (1985); 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
Bidens pilosa L. var. bipinnata (L.) Hook. f. (1881); Loesen (1904).
一年生草本，高30-100厘米。主根圆柱形，渐狭，具多数侧根和纤维状细根，黄褐色。茎直立，下部通常呈四棱形，基部粗2-8毫米，具分枝，茎和枝有纵棱，无毛或上部疏生柔毛。叶对生，叶片轮廓卵形、宽卵形或长卵形，长5-16厘米，宽3-17厘米，二回羽状分裂，第一回全裂片2-4对，具柄，第二回深裂片1-3对，小裂片长三角形或披针形，具2-4深缺刻，全部裂片先端渐尖，两面疏被白色短柔毛；叶柄长1.5-6厘米，具沟槽，沿沟和边缘疏被柔毛。头状花序少数，于茎和分枝先端排列成疏伞房状花序或稀单生，径6-10毫米，外围有1-4朵中性花，中央有多数两性花；花序梗长1-5厘米，果期延长；总苞近杯状，基部被白色长柔毛；总苞片2层，外层6-8枚，条形，长4-5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，先端钝，边缘疏生缘毛，草质，绿色，具3条褐色的纵脉，内层椭圆形，长4-6毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端急尖，具数条褐色纵脉，边缘黄色。中性花舌状，舌片黄色，椭圆形或狭椭圆形，长4-5毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，先端圆，全缘或具2-3齿，通常有4条深色纵纹；两性花花冠管状，黄色，长4-5毫米，冠檐5裂。瘦果条形，长8-15毫米，粗约1毫米，黑色，被短毛，先端具3-4枚芒刺，芒刺长2-4毫米，具倒刺。花果期8-12月。
产于昆明、嵩明、富民、元谋、峨山、景东、勐海、勐腊、潞西、瑞丽、腾冲、兰坪、维西、德钦等；生于海拔 (660-) 1000-3000米的林下、灌丛中、草地或村边、路旁、荒地。我国东北、华北、华中、华南、西南和陕西、甘肃有分布。亚洲、美洲、欧洲及非洲东部广布。
全草药用，有消风祛湿、行水利窍、止泻化痰的功效，治疟疾、腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、肾炎、肠痈、咽喉肿痛、跌打损伤、蛇虫咬伤。全草煮水熏足底，治婴儿慢性腹泻有特效。

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Bidens || Bidens bipinnata

7. Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.

Bidens bipinnata var. biternatoides Sherff

Annuals, (15–)30–100(–150+) cm. Leaves: petioles 20–50 mm; blades rounded-deltate to ovate or lanceolate overall, (20–)30–70+ × (20–)30–60+ mm, (1–)2(–3)-pinnatisect, ultimate lobes obovate or lanceolate, 15–45+ × 10–25+ mm, bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins entire, sometimes ciliolate, apices rounded to acute or attenuate, faces usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous. Heads usually borne singly, sometimes in ± corymbiform arrays. Peduncles (10–)20–50(–100) mm. Calyculi of (7–)8(–10) linear bractlets 3–5 mm, ± appressed, margins ciliate, abaxial faces usually glabrous. Involucres ± campanulate, 5–7 × 3–4(–5) mm. Phyllaries 8–12, lanceolate to linear, 4–6 mm. Ray florets 0 or 3–5+; laminae yellowish or whitish, 1–2(–3) mm. Disc florets 10–20(–30+); corollas yellowish to whitish, 2–3 mm. Cypselae red-brown, outer weakly obcompressed, 7–15 mm, inner ± 4-angled, linear to linear-fusiform, 12–18 mm, margins not ciliate, apices ± attenuate, faces 2-grooved, often tuberculate-hispidulous; pappi of (2–)3–4, erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns 2–4 mm. 2n = 24, 72.

Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep(–Oct). Fields, forests, disturbed, wettish sites; 10–1800 m; N.B., Ont.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Conn., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.; South America; Europe; Asia; Pacific Islands.

Bidens bipinnata is probably native in eastern Asia and introduced in South America, Europe, Asia, and Pacific Islands.

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Bidens ||婆婆针 Bidens bipinnata

9. Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.

婆婆针 po po zhen

Bidens pilosa Linnaeus var. bipinnata (Linnaeus) J. D. Hooker.

Annual herbs, (15-)30-100(-150+) cm. Petioles 20-50 mm; leaf blade orbicular-deltate to ovate or lanceolate overall, (20-)30-70+ × (20-)30-60+ mm, (1 or)2(or 3)-pinnatisect, ultimate lobes obovate or lanceolate, 15-45+ × 10-25+ mm, both surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous, bases truncate to cuneate, ultimate margin entire, sometimes ciliolate, apices rounded to acute or attenuate. Synflorescences of solitary capitula or ± corymbose; peduncles (10-)20-50(-100) mm. Capitula radiate or discoid; calycular bracts (7 or)8(-10), linear, 3-5 mm, ± appressed, abaxially usually glabrous, margin ciliate; involucres ± campanulate, 5-7 × 3-4(-5) mm; phyllaries 8-12, lanceolate to linear, 4-6 mm. Ray florets absent or 3-5+; lamina yellowish or whitish, 1-2(-3) mm. Disk florets 10-20(-30+); corollas yellowish to whitish, 2-3 mm. Achenes red-brown, outer weakly obcompressed, 7-15 mm, inner ± 4-angled, linear to linear-fusiform, 12-18 mm, faces 2-grooved, often tuberculate-hispidulous, margin not ciliate, apex ± attenuate; pappus of (2 or)3 or 4 erect to divergent, retrorsely barbed awns 2-4 mm. Fl. Aug-Oct. 2n = 24, 72.

Fields, forests, disturbed wettish sites; below 1800(-3000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; Europe, North and South America, Pacific islands].