《中国植物志》|| 小檗科 BERBERIDACEAE ||小檗科 BERBERIDACEAE ||小檗属 Berberis Linn.

2．小檗属——Berberis Linn.
Linn., in Sp. Pl. 1: 330, 1753; et Gen, Pl. ed. 5: 153, 1754.
落叶或常绿灌木。枝无毛或被绒毛；通常具刺，单生或3-5分叉；老枝常呈暗灰色或紫黑色，幼枝有时为红色，常有散生黑色疣点，内皮层和木质部均为黄色。单叶互生，着生于侧生的短枝上，通常具叶柄，叶片与叶柄连接处常有关节。花序为单生、簇生、总状、圆锥或伞形花序；花3数，小苞片通常3，早落；萼片通常6，2轮排列，稀3或9，1轮或3轮排列，黄色；花瓣6，黄色，内侧近基部具2枚腺体；雄蕊6，与花瓣对生，花药瓣裂，花粉近球形，具螺旋状萌发孔或为合沟，外壁具网状纹饰；子房含胚珠1-12，稀达15，基生，花柱短或缺，柱头头状。浆果球形、椭圆形、长圆形、卵形或倒卵形，通常红色或蓝黑色。种子1-10，黄褐色至红棕色或黑色，无假种皮。x＝14。
属模式种：Berberis vulgaris Linn.
约500种，主产北温带，但本属是小檗科中惟一分布于热带非洲山区和南美洲的属。也是惟一在乾燥地区得以强度分化的属。中国约有250多种，主产西部和西南部。
本属大多数植物的根皮和茎皮含有小檗碱，可代黄连药用。也常作观赏植物栽培。

Source 中国植物物种信息数据库

《云南植物志》|| 小檗科 Berberidaceae nom. fam. conserv. ||小檗科 Berberidaceae nom. fam. conserv. ||小檗属 Berberis Linn.

8.小檗属 Berberis Linn.
落叶或常绿灌木，稀有小乔木；枝通常具刺，单生或三叉状，老枝常呈灰色或黑灰色，幼枝有时为红色，常有散生黑色疣点，内皮层和木质部均为黄色。单叶互生，通常着生于侧生的短枝上，叶片与叶柄连接处常有关节。花黄色，单生、簇生或为其他各式花序，花梗基部常具苞片；萼片外层有2—4枚小苞片；萼片（3—）6—9，（1—）2—3轮排列，花瓣状；花瓣6，内侧近基部具2枚腺体；雄蕊6，花药瓣裂，花粉近球形或长球形，最大轴约为34—60微米，具3沟，还有螺旋状萌发孔或不定数目的散沟，外壁层次不清楚，具细网状雕纹，网眼很小；子房具1—多颗胚珠，通常具柄，基生，花柱短或缺，柱头头状。浆果红色或蓝黑色，种子1至多粒。2n=28，42，56。
约450—500余种，主产北温带，在欧洲一侧南达北非及热带非洲山地，在亚洲南达喜马拉雅，在美州南达安底斯山。我国约有200余种，产长江南北各地区，以西部和西南部种类最多。云南有83种24变种。
本属植物的根皮和茎皮含有小檗碱，可代黄连药用。

Source 中国植物物种信息数据库

《Flora of North America》|| Berberidaceae || || Berberis

3. Berberis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 153, 1754.

Barberry, Oregon-grape, berbéris, algerita [Mediaeval Latin barbaris ]

Alan T. Whittemore

Mahonia Nuttall, name conserved; Odostemon Rafinesque

Shrubs or subshrubs , evergreen or deciduous, 0.1-4.5(-8) m, glabrous or with tomentose stems. Rhizomes present or absent, short or long, not nodose. Stems branched or unbranched, monomorphic or dimorphic, i.e., all elongate or with elongate primary stems and short axillary spur shoots. Leaves alternate, sometimes leaves of elongate shoots reduced to spines and foliage leaves borne only on short shoots; foliage leaves simple or 1-odd-pinnately compound; petioles usually present. Simple leaves: blade narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1.2-7.5 cm. Compound leaves: rachis, when present, with or without swollen articulations; leaflet blades lanceolate to orbiculate, margins entire, toothed, spinose, or spinose-lobed; venation pinnate or leaflets 3-6-veined from base. Inflorescences terminal, usually racemes, rarely umbels or flowers solitary. Flowers 3-merous, 3-8 mm; bracteoles caducous, 3, scalelike; sepals falling immediately after anthesis, 6, yellow; petals 6, yellow, nectariferous; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by valves; pollen exine punctate; ovary symmetrically club-shaped; placentation subbasal; style central. Fruits berries, spheric to cylindric-ovoid or ellipsoid, usually juicy, sometimes dry, at maturity. Seeds 1-10, tan to red-brown or black; aril absent. x = 14.

Species ca. 500 (22 in the flora): almost worldwide.

Many species of Berberis are grown as ornamental shrubs. Some species harbor the black stem-rust of wheat ( Puccinia graminis Persoon); the sale or transport of susceptible or untested species is illegal in the United States and Canada. Data on susceptibility of Berberis spp. to infection by Puccinia graminis was supplied by Dr. D. L. Long, U.S. Department of Agriculture (pers. comm.).

The berries of many species are edible and frequently are used for jam and jelly.

The genus Berberis as recognized below is divided into two genera, Berberis and Mahonia , by some authors (e.g., L. Abrams 1934). Species 1-5 below represent Berberis in the narrow sense (characterized by dimorphic stems, with elongate primary stems and short axillary shoots; leaves of primary stems modified as spines; foliage leaves simple; and inflorescences usually rather lax, with acuminate bracteoles and 1-20 flowers; most species susceptible to Puccinia ). Species 13-22 represent the segregate genus Mahonia (with stems never regularly dimorphic; stem spines absent; leaves pinnately compound; and inflorescences dense, with rounded or obtuse [rarely acute] bracteoles and 25-70 flowers; never susceptible to Puccinia ). Species 6-12, traditionally included in Mahonia when that genus is recognized (L. Abrams 1934), are actually intermediate, resembling Berberis proper in their dimorphic stems, inflorescence structure, and susceptibility to Puccinia , and Mahonia in their spineless stems and compound leaves. Species showing different combinations of the characteristics of the two groups are found in other parts of the world (J. W. McCain and J. F. Hennen 1982; R. V. Moran 1982), so these segregate genera do not seem to be natural. Mahonia is often recognized in horticultural works, but it is seldom recognized by botanists.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Abrams, L. 1934. The mahonias of the Pacific states. Phytologia 1: 89-94. McCain, J. W. and J. F. Hennen. 1982. Is the taxonomy of Berberis and Mahonia (Berberidaceae) supported by their rust pathogens Cumminsiella santa sp. nov. and other Cumminsiella species (Uredinales)? Syst. Bot. 7: 48-59. Moran, R. V. 1982. Berberis claireae, a new species from Baja California; and why not Mahonia. Phytologia 52: 221-226.

Source eFloras.org

《Flora of China》|| Berberidaceae || ||小檗属 Berberis

2. Berberis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753.

小檗属 xiao bo shu

Authors: Junsheng Ying

Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branches glabrous or tomentose, spinose or not; spines simple or usually 3-5-fid. Leaves on short shoots, simple, alternate, usually petiolate. Inflorescences solitary or fascicled flowers, racemes, umbels, or panicles. Flowers 3-merous; bracteoles usually 3, caducous, scalelike. Sepals 6, rarely 3 or 9, yellow. Petals 6, yellow, bases nectariferous. Stamens opposite petals; anthers dehiscing by valves; pollen grains subspheroidal, exine reticulate. Ovary symmetrically club-shaped; ovules 1-12, rarely to 15, subbasal; styles very short. Fruit a berry, usually red, dark red, or black, globose, ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, or obovoid. Seeds 1-10, tan to red-brown or black; aril absent. 2n = 14.

About 500 species: north temperate regions, a few in the S Hemisphere; 215 species (197 endemic, one introduced) in China.

Many species of the genus are grown as ornamental shrubs and used for medicinal purposes.

Editors’ note. This treatment of Berberis was written solely by the Chinese author, Ying Junsheng. The non-Chinese co-author of the genus was to be Julian Harber (Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire, U.K.), and the Berberidaceae were to be included in Flora of China Volume 7 (2008), but two months before that volume was sent to the printer, Ying rejected Harber’s revision, with the result that the Berberidaceae were postponed until the present volume. The treatment provided here is an edited version of the English manuscript provided by Ying and is essentially a translation of his earlier treatment in FRPS (29: 54-214. 2001). It has been edited only to follow the Flora of China format, to correct the usage of English, and to correct nomenclatural errors, including errors of bibliographic citation. The taxonomy and data provided in the descriptions and distributions have not been changed. The editors observe that 49 names based on Chinese material have apparently been overlooked or disregarded in this treatment. They are provided as an appendix at the end of the genus. Harber is currently preparing a thorough revision of Chinese Berberis, expanded from the joint treatment that was intended to appear in the Flora of China; it will include all taxa known to occur in China, will account for all names based on Chinese material, and will be published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press.

Additional names based on Chinese material

Editors’ note. The following names, all based on Chinese material, have not been accounted for in the above treatment by Ying Junsheng (see the comments at the beginning of the genus). This appendix is provided for information only, and no taxonomic opinions are expressed.

• Berberis acuminata Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 387. 1887. De­scribed from Yunnan.
• Berberis ambigua Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 60. 1941. Described from cultivated material reputedly grown from seed collected in Yun­nan.
• Berberis angulosa Wallich ex J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. fasciculata Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 42. 1941. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis approximata Sprague var. campylogyna Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79 (Suppl.): 53. 1941 (B. dictyophylla Franchet var. campylogyna (Ahrendt) Ahrendt, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 128. 1961). Described from Yunnan.
• Berberis aridocalida Ahrendt, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 273. 1939 ["arido-calida"]. Described from cultivated material reputedly grown from seed collected in Gansu.
• Berberis atroprasina Ahrendt, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 112: 155. 1942. De­scribed from cultivated material reputedly grown from seed col­lected in Yunnan.
• Berberis bodinieri H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 454. 1911, not (Gagnepain) Laferrière (1997). Described from Yunnan.
• Berberis buchananii C. K. Schneider var. tawangensis Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 37. 1941. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis calliantha Mulligan, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 97: 394. 1935. De­scribed from Xizang.
• Berberis caroli C. K. Schneider, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 459. 1905. Described from Nei Mongol.
• Berberis chinensis Poiret, Encycl. 8: 617. 1808. Described from culti­vated material in Paris and said to be native to China.
• Berberis consimilis C. K. Schneider, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 66: 324. 1916. De­scribed from cultivated material reputedly grown from seed col­lected in Sichuan.
• Berberis dasystachya Maximowicz var. pluriflora P. Y. Li, Acta Phyto­tax. Sin. 10: 213. 1965. Described from Gansu and Qinghai.
• Berberis faberi C. K. Schneider, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 67: 215. 1918. De­scribed from Sichuan.
• Berberis faxoniana C. K. Schneider, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 66: 325. 1916. De­scribed from cultivated material reputedly grown from seed col­lected in Sichuan or Yunnan.
• Berberis franchetiana C. K. Schneider var. gombalana C. Y. Wu & S. Y. Bao, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3): 15. 1985. Described from Yun­nan.
• Berberis gagnepainii C. K. Schneider var. subovata C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 264. 1939. Described from Si­chuan.
• Berberis heteropsis Ahrendt, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 213. 1961. De­scribed from Guizhou and Sichuan.
• Berberis hookeri Lemaire subsp. longipes D. F. Chamberlain & C. M. Hu, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 533. 1985. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis humidoumbrosa Ahrendt var. dispersa Ahrendt, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 160. 1961. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis insignis J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. zelaica Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 9. 1941. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis integerrima Bunge var. stenophylla Maximowicz, Fl. Tangut. 29. 1889. Described from Gansu.
• Berberis jaeschkeana C. K. Schneider var. bimbilaica Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 65. 1941. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis jingguensis G. S. Fan & X. W. Li, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 5(3): 1. 1997. Described from Yunnan.
• Berberis kartanica Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 68. 1941. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis mairei Ahrendt, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 76. 1961. Described from Yunnan.
• Berberis oblanceifolia C. M. Hu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 12. 1986. Described from Hunan.
• Berberis oritrepha C. K. Schneider, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 67: 293. 1918. De­scribed from Shaanxi.
• Berberis orthobotrys Bienert ex Aitchison var. rupestris Ahrendt, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 143. 1961. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis petrogena C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 253. 1939. Described from Yunnan.
• Berberis pingbaensis M. T. An, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 28: 641. 2008. Described from Guizhou.
• Berberis poiretii C. K. Schneider f. weichangensis C. K. Schneider in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 372. 1913. Described from Hebei.
• Berberis praecipua C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 248. 1939. Described from Hunan and Yunnan.
• Berberis pseudothunbergii P. Y. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 211. 1965. Described from Gansu and Shaanxi.
• Berberis rockii Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 72. 1941. Described from Yunnan.
• Berberis sanei T. Husain, Datt, Arti Garg & R. R. Rao, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 17: 69. 1995. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis sinensis Desfontaines var. angustifolia Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 416. 1873 (B. poiretii C. K. Schneider var. angustifolia (Regel) Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 21: 66. 1936). De­scribed from N and NE China.
• Berberis sphalera Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 44. 1905. De­scribed from Shaanxi.
• Berberis spraguei Ahrendt, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 109: 101. 1941. De­scribed from cultivated material apparently originally collected in Yunnan.
• Berberis stearnii Ahrendt, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 109: 101. 1941. De­scribed from cultivated material apparently originally collected in Yunnan.
• Berberis subsessiliflora Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 22: 293. 1915. Described from Hubei.
• Berberis tarokoensis S. Y. Lu & Yuen P. Yang, Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 2: 581. 1996. Described from Taiwan.
• Berberis thibetica C. K. Schneider, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 268. 1909. Described from cultivated material reputedly grown from seed collected in Sichuan or Yunnan.
• Berberis trichohaematoides Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 62. 1941. De­scribed from Xizang.
• Berberis tsangpoensis Ahrendt, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 109: 101. 1941. Described from Xizang.
• Berberis uniflora F. N. Wei & Y. G. Wei, Guihaia 15: 218. 1995. De­scribed from Guangxi.
• Berberis wanhuashanensis Yue Jin Zhang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11: 258. 1991. Described from Shaanxi.
• Berberis xinganensis G. H. Liu & S. Q. Zhou, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 2, 2: 712. 1991. Described from Nei Mongol.
• Berberis zayulana Ahrendt, J. Bot. 79(Suppl.): 64. 1941. Described from Xizang.

Source eFloras.org