《云南植物志》|| || HYPNOBRYALES ||绢藓科 Entodontaceae

49. 绢藓科 Entodontaceae
本科多产于温暖地区，有的也分布到北方。喜生于树干、岩面或土壤表面。植物体纤细、中等大小或粗壮，具光泽，交织成片生长。茎匍匐或倾立，规则分枝，密生叶，无鳞毛。在茎的横切面可见中央束。茎叶与枝叶很少区别，背面与侧面的叶稍有不同，对称或稍不对称，呈卵圆形或卵状披针形，少数呈线状披针形，先端钝或具长而渐尖的叶尖。叶中部细胞呈菱形至线形，大多平滑，少数在细胞前端具疣。角细胞数多，呈方形；大多数具2条短中肋，也有的中肋发达，超过叶中部，少数无中肋或中肋甚弱。雌雄同株或异株，雄性与雌性植物体同形。有性生殖器官产生于茎或枝上，具丝状隔丝。雄器苞呈芽状，较小。雌器苞生于短小的雌苞叶枝上。蒴柄长0.5-4厘米，平滑。孢蒴直立，对称，有的略弯曲，稍不对称。有环带或环带缺失。蒴齿双层或齿条退化以致消失。外齿层的齿片狭披针形或阔披针形，黄色至红褐色，生于孢蒴口部之下。齿片外壁背面具疣或条纹，甚少为平滑，具之字形中缝或具穿孔。内齿层基膜不发达，齿条多呈狭线形，齿毛缺失或退化。孢子小形，其直径一般不超过55微米。
据 V. F. Brotherus 1926 年在《Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien》一书中记载，全世界绢藓科共有14属。1978 年，陈邦杰等在其《中国藓类属志》一书中报告中国绢藓科共有6属，云南除灰石藓属 Orthothecium 和腋苞藓属 Pterigynandrum 外，其余4属均已发现。另《中国藓类志》下册中未记载的螺叶藓属 Sakuraia 在云南已发现，因此云南绢藓属共有5属。

《Flora of North America》|| || || Entodontaceae

69. Entodontaceae Kindberg

William R. Buck

Plants medium-sized or rarely large, in soft, thin to dense, flat mats, green, yellow-green, golden brown, or reddish. Stems terete- or complanate-foliate, freely to sparsely branched; hyalodermis absent, central strand present or absent; paraphyllia absent; pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Stem and branch leaves similar, crowded, lanceolate to broadly ovate, concave; margins plane or rarely recurved, ± entire proximally, usually serrulate distally; apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate; costa double to mid leaf or usually shorter, or ecostate; alar cells many, region reaching costa or not, if leaves decurrent, alar region not differentiated; laminal cells linear, smooth, walls thin to firm, rarely thick; apical cells often shorter. Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Sexual condition autoicous or rarely dioicous; perichaetia large, leaves mostly sheathing, alar cells not differentiated. Seta reddish or yellow, elongate, smooth. Capsule erect, cylindric or long-cylindric, symmetric; columella long, narrowly cylindric; exothecial cells quadrate to short-rectangular, walls thin to thick, not collenchymatous; annulus differentiated or not; operculum long-conic to conic-rostrate, straight to oblique; peristome double, inserted below mouth; exostome teeth narrowly triangular, not shouldered, narrowly bordered, external surface with ± straight median line and relatively broad plates, cross, obliquely, or vertically striolate, or papillose, rarely smooth, sometimes with papillose prostomial plates, internal surface not or slightly trabeculate, often perforate, papillose, striate, or smooth; endostome basal membrane low or absent, segments narrow, keeled, narrowly perforate [discontinuous, adherent to exostome teeth], smooth, papillose, or striate, cilia absent. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, naked or sometimes sparsely hairy. Spores spheric, finely papillose (smooth to finely papillose in Entodon beyrichii).

Genera 5, species ca. 80 (1 genus, 10 species in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia.

SELECTED REFERENCE Buck, W. R. 1980. A generic revision of the Entodontaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 48: 71-159.

《Flora of North America》|| || || Entodontaceae

69. Entodontaceae Kindberg

William R. Buck

Plants medium-sized or rarely large, in soft, thin to dense, flat mats, green, yellow-green, golden brown, or reddish. Stems terete- or complanate-foliate, freely to sparsely branched; hyalodermis absent, central strand present or absent; paraphyllia absent; pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Stem and branch leaves similar, crowded, lanceolate to broadly ovate, concave; margins plane or rarely recurved, ± entire proximally, usually serrulate distally; apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate; costa double to mid leaf or usually shorter, or ecostate; alar cells many, region reaching costa or not, if leaves decurrent, alar region not differentiated; laminal cells linear, smooth, walls thin to firm, rarely thick; apical cells often shorter. Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Sexual condition autoicous or rarely dioicous; perichaetia large, leaves mostly sheathing, alar cells not differentiated. Seta reddish or yellow, elongate, smooth. Capsule erect, cylindric or long-cylindric, symmetric; columella long, narrowly cylindric; exothecial cells quadrate to short-rectangular, walls thin to thick, not collenchymatous; annulus differentiated or not; operculum long-conic to conic-rostrate, straight to oblique; peristome double, inserted below mouth; exostome teeth narrowly triangular, not shouldered, narrowly bordered, external surface with ± straight median line and relatively broad plates, cross, obliquely, or vertically striolate, or papillose, rarely smooth, sometimes with papillose prostomial plates, internal surface not or slightly trabeculate, often perforate, papillose, striate, or smooth; endostome basal membrane low or absent, segments narrow, keeled, narrowly perforate [discontinuous, adherent to exostome teeth], smooth, papillose, or striate, cilia absent. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, naked or sometimes sparsely hairy. Spores spheric, finely papillose (smooth to finely papillose in Entodon beyrichii).

Genera 5, species ca. 80 (1 genus, 10 species in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia.

SELECTED REFERENCE Buck, W. R. 1980. A generic revision of the Entodontaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 48: 71-159.