《中国植物志》|| 蓼科 POLYGONACEAE ||酸模族 Trib. RUMICEAE Damm. ||酸模属 Rumex L.

12．酸模属 Rumex L.
L. Sp. Pl. 105. 1753; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 3: 100. 1880.
一年生或多年生草本，稀为灌木。根通常粗壮，有时具根状茎。茎直立，通常具沟槽，分枝或上部分枝。叶基生和茎生，茎生叶互生，边缘全缘或波状，托叶鞘膜质，易破裂而早落。花序圆锥状，多花簇生成轮。花两性，有时杂性，稀单性，雌雄异株。花梗具关节；花被片6, 成2轮，宿存，外轮3片果时不增大，内轮3片果时增大，边缘全缘，具齿或针刺，背部具小瘤或无小瘤；雄蕊6, 花药基着；子房卵形，具3棱，1室，含1胚珠，花柱3, 柱头画笔状。瘦果卵形或椭圆形，具3锐棱，包于增大的内花被片内。
约150种，分布于全世界，主产北温带。我国有26种，2变种。全国各省区均产。
属模式种：巴天酸模Rumex patientia L.

《云南植物志》|| 蓼科 Polygonaceae ||蓼科 Polygonaceae ||酸模属 Rumex L.

8. 酸模属 Rumex L.
一年生或多年生草本，稀为灌木。根通常粗壮，有时具根状茎。茎直立，通常具沟槽，分枝或上部分枝。叶基生和茎生，茎生叶互生，边缘全缘或波状，托叶鞘膜质，易破裂而早落。花序圆锥状，多花簇生成轮。花两性，有时杂性，稀单性，雌雄异株。花梗具关节；花被片6，成2轮，宿存，外轮3片果期不增大，内轮3片果期增大，边缘全缘。具齿或针刺，背部具小瘤或无小瘤；雄蕊6，花药基着；子房卵形，具3棱，1室，含1胚珠，花柱3，柱头画笔状。瘦果卵形或椭圆形，具3锐棱，包于增大的内花被片内。
本属约150种，分布于全世界，主产、北温带。我国26种，3变种。云南产11种1变种。

《Flora of China》|| Polygonaceae || ||酸模属 Rumex

12. Rumex Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753.

酸模属 suan mo shu

Li Anjen (李安仁 Li An-ren); Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Sergei L. Mosyakin

Herbs perennial or less commonly annual, rarely shrubs, rarely dioecious. Roots usually stout (taproots), or sometimes plants rhizomatous. Stems erect, rarely ascending to prostrate, branched, not hollow or sulcate. Leaves simple, often dimorphic, fugacious or persisting, basal and cauline, alternate, margin entire or undulate; ocrea tubular, membranous, margin entire. Inflorescence usually terminal, sometimes terminal and axillary, racemose or paniculate. Pedicel articulate (the functional pedicel consists of the true pedicel and, below the joint, the narrowed united basal parts of the outer tepals (pseudopedicel)). Flowers bisexual or unisexual (unisexual in dioecious, and rarely in polygamo-monoecious plants). Perianth persistent, tepals 6, becoming enlarged and often hardened in fruit; valve (fruiting inner tepal) margin entire, erose, denticulate, or variously dentate, midvein often transformed into tubercles (tuberculate callosities). Stamens 6. Styles 3, elongate; stigmas penicillate. Achenes trigonous, elliptic to ovate.

About 200 species: widely distributed in N and S temperate zones; 27 species (one endemic) in China.

Rumex s.l. is sometimes subdivided into at least three segregate genera: Rumex s.str., Acetosa Miller, and Acetosella (Meisner) Fourreau, here recognized as subgenera. The generic status of these segregate genera, however, has not been generally accepted by most taxonomists. In some cases intermediate forms exist between them, especially between Acetosa and Acetosella, and they are evidently more closely related to each other than to any outside genus. This favors the retention of Rumex in the traditional broad sense, which is also convenient from the viewpoint of nomenclatural stability.

《Flora of North America》|| Polygonaceae || || Rumex

26. Rumex Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753. Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 156. 1754.

Dock, sorrel [classical Latin name for sorrel, probably derived from rumo, to suck, alluding to the practice among Romans of sucking the leaves to allay thirst]

Sergei L. Mosyakin

Herbs, perennial, biennial, or annual, synoecious (subg. Rumex and Platypodium) or dioecious (subg. Acetosa and Acetosella), occasionally polygamomonoecious, with taproots and usually short caudex, or sometimes rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate, glabrous or papillose-pubescent. Leaves basal (in some species) and cauline, alternate, petiolate; ocrea persistent or partially deciduous, membranous; petioles present on basal and proximal cauline leaves, absent on distal cauline leaves, bases not articulated; blades variable in shape, basal (if present) and proximal cauline leaves from broadly ovate or almost orbiculate to linear, becoming progressively smaller and narrower distally, margins entire (or basally lobate), flat, or occasionally undulate or crisped. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes terminal and axillary, paniclelike, rarely simple. Pedicels present. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, (1-)4-30 per ocreate fascicle, base stipelike; perianth green, pinkish, or red, campanulate, glabrous; tepals (5-)6, connate proximally, sepaloid, dimorphic, outer 3 remaining small, inner 3 usually enlarging, sometimes 1-3 with central vein transformed into tuberculate callosity (tubercle); stamens 6; filaments distinct, free, glabrous; anthers, yellow to brownish yellow, ovate to elongate; styles 3, spreading or reflexed, distinct; stigmas 3, fimbriate or plumose. Achenes included in accrescent and usually veiny perianth, tan to dark brown, unwinged to weakly winged, 3-gonous, sometimes compressed-3-gonous or nearly pyramidal, glabrous. Seeds: embryo straight. x = 7, 8, 9, 10 (polyploidy widespread in the genus).

Species 190-200 (63 in the flora): almost worldwide, but mostly in temperate regions of both hemispheres; some taxa occur in many regions of the world as naturalized or casual aliens.

Carefully collected mature specimens with well-developed inner tepals are desirable for reliable identification of Rumex species. Vegetative characters (in particular, growth habit, basal and proximal cauline leaves, and inflorescences) also are crucial.

In Rumex the distal part of a functional pedicel (below the articulation with a true pedicel) is formed by the narrowed connate basal parts of the outer tepals (also known as a stipelike hypanthium base or pseudopedicel). However, for simplification of the keys and descriptions, the whole functional pedicel (including pseudopedicel) is referred to simply as pedicel.

The genus Rumex in the broad sense may be divided into at least four segregate genera: Rumex in the narrow sense, Acetosa, Acetosella, and Bucephalophora (see e.g., Á. Löve 1983; Löve and B. M. Kapoor 1967; N. N. Tzvelev 1987b, 1989b). These taxa probably represent distinct phylogenetic lineages; they have, however, not been generally accepted as separate genera by most taxonomists, including K. H. Rechinger (1937, 1949), monographer of Rumex in the broad sense. Moreover, in some cases they are connected by intermediate forms (especially Acetosa and Acetosella) and evidently are more closely related to each other than to any outgroup genus. In my opinion, this favors the retention of Rumex in the traditional broad sense, which is also nomenclaturally convenient.

Many Old World species of Rumex may be divided in their native areas of distribution into quite distinct subspecies or varieties. However, the same species occurring in North America as introduced aliens often are represented by atypical, intermediate specimens or even populations (as is true also for many native North American taxa occurring as aliens in Europe), which in many cases obscures those taxonomic distinctions.

Rumex rugosus Campderá, a commonly cultivated European species, was reported for North America by Á. Löve and D. Löve (1957) as a cultivated and occasionally escaped garden plant “in a few places in eastern Canada.” No specimens from escaped plants in the flora area have been seen.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Löve, Á. and B. M. Kapoor. 1968. A chromosome atlas of the collective genus Rumex. Cytologia 32: 328-342. Rechinger, K. H. 1937. The North American species of Rumex. (Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Rumex 5.) Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 1-150. Rechinger, K. H. 1949. Rumices Asiatici. (Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Rumex 7.) Candollea 12: 9-152. Tolmatchew, A. I. 1966. Rumex. In: A. I. Tolmatchew, ed. 1960-1987. Flora Arctica URSS. 10 vols. Moscow and Leningrad. Vol. 5, pp. 143-161. Trelease, W. 1892. A revision of the American species of Rumex occurring north of Mexico. Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 3: 74-98. Tzvelev, N. N. 1989b. Rumex, Acetosella, Acetosa. In: S. S. Kharkevich, ed. 1985+. Plantae Vasculares Orientis Extremi Sovetici. 7+ vols. Leningrad. Vol. 4, pp. 29-53.