《中国植物志》|| 桔梗科 CAMPANULACEAE ||半边莲亚科 LOBELIOIDEAE Schonland ||半边莲属 Lobelia L.

13. 半边莲属——Lobelia L.
L., Gen. Pl. 401. 1754; Lam., Dict. 3: 581. 1791; A. DC. in DC., Prodr. 7: 357. 1839; Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 551. 1876; Schonland, in Engler et Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4 (5): 66, 1894; Danguy, in Lecte Fl. Gen. Indo-Chin. 3: 675. 1930; C. B. Cl. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 423. 1881; E. Wimm., Pfl. R. Heft 106: 104. 1943, et 107: 408. 1953; Tsoong, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3 (3): 112. 1935; Moeliono et Tuyn, in Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1): 121. 1960, p. p. ——Rapuntium Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768; Presl, Prodr. Monogr. Lobeliac. 11. 1836.——Dortmanna Hill, Brit. Herb. 126, 1756.——Dortmania Necker, Elem., 1: 132. 1790.——Dortmannia Steud., Nomencl. ed. 2, 526 . 1840. ——Petromarula marula Nieuwland et Lunnell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 5: 13. 1917, non Vent. ex Hedw. f., Gen. 139. 1806.
草本，有的种下部木质化；在非洲和夏威夷群岛，有的种树木状。叶互生，排成两行或螺旋状。花单生叶腋（苞腋），或总状花序顶生，或由总状花序再组成圆锥花序。花两性，稀单性（一些澳大利亚的种为雌雄异株）；小苞片有或无；花萼筒卵状、半球状或浅钟状，裂片等长或近等长，极少二唇形，全缘或有小齿，果期宿存；花冠两侧对称，背面常纵裂至基部或近基部，极少数种花冠完全不裂或几乎完全分裂，檐部二唇形或近二唇形，个别种所有裂片平展在下方（前方），呈一个平面，上唇裂片2，下唇裂片3，裂片形状及结合程度因种而异；雄蕊筒包围花柱，我国种类均自花冠背面裂缝伸出，花药管多灰蓝色，顶端或仅下方2枚顶端生髯毛；柱头2裂，授粉面上生柔毛；子房下位、半下位，极少数种为上位，2室，胎座半球状，胚珠多数。蒴果，成熟后顶端2裂。种子多数，小，长圆状或三棱状，有时具翅，表面平滑或有蜂窝状网纹、条纹和瘤状突起。
分布各大陆的热带和亚热带地区，特别是非洲和美洲，少数种延伸到温带，欧洲只有2种。生于海拔 4000米以下的潮湿地或池沼地。全属350余种，我国有19种，除山梗菜 (L. sessilifolia) 外，均产长江流域以南各省区。
关于这个属与铜锤玉带属 Pratia 的分合问题，自 A. de Candolle (1839) 首先以蒴果和浆果划分为两个属以来, F. E. Wimmer (1957) 的专著以及我国已出版的一些书中，均以两个属对待；但是 Moeliono 和 Tuyn 在《马来西亚植物志》 (Fl. Malesiana) 中说，他们研究了 Pratia angulata 的采自马来西亚及亚洲其它地区的大量标本，看到其成熟的果实，有许多特征表现出不能分开的、各种各样的过渡类型，在马来西亚东部，肉质的果皮变得干燥而且薄，几乎成膜质的，脉也更加明显，果实的顶端由平坦变得凸起，倾向于2裂，还有其它一些特征也有类似情况，他们的结论是半边莲属与铜锤玉带属有密切的亲缘关系，应该合并成为一个属—半边莲属 Lobelia。
我们也把峨眉紫锤草 Pratia fangiana 与柳叶山梗菜 Lobelia iteophylla 作了比较，的确二者外形酷似，花冠长短及裂片的形状亦相似，峨眉紫锤草果实的顶端也变得凸起，果皮干燥而薄，这说明两者有着密切的亲缘，但考虑到果实的开裂与否，会涉及种子传播方式的根本改变，铜锤玉带属植物果实的顶端到底还是倾向于平坦，花萼上脉纹模糊不清，且分布更集中于大洋洲和东南亚地区，所以我们仍以两个属并立。

《Flora of China》|| Campanulaceae || ||半边莲属 Lobelia

15. Lobelia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 929. 1753.

半边莲属 ban bian lian shu

Authors: Deyuan Hong & Thomas G. Lammers

Cardinalis Fabricius; Dortmanna Hill; Laurentia Adanson; Rapuntium Miller.

Herbs, but some species lignified at base, and even some species in Africa and Hawaiian Islands trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, in 2 rows or spiral. Flowers solitary and axillary, or in terminal racemes, or in panicles of racemes, bisexual [some Australian species dioecious]; bracteoles present or absent. Flowers pedicellate, solitary and axillary or in terminal racemes (rarely secund or corymbose) or panicles. Calyx lobes entire or serrate, persistent, rarely auriculate. Corolla zygomorphic, rarely with a narrow nectar spur; dorsal side typically divided longitudinally to base or nearly so, sometimes laterally fenestrate; limb commonly bilabiate, dorsal lip 2-lobed, ventral lip 3-lobed, or rarely ventrally unilabiate. Stamens connate, enveloping style, exserted from corolla dorsally; all 5 anthers or just ventral pair barbate at apex (rarely all nude). Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, very rarely almost superior, 2-locular; stigma 2-fid; ovules numerous. Fruit an apically 2-valved capsule or a berry. Seeds numerous, oblong or 3-angled, sometimes winged, smooth, foveolate, striate, or verrucose.

About 414 species: mainly in tropics and subtropics, particularly tropical Africa and America, with a few species extending to temperate regions; 23 species (six endemic) in China.

Doubtful species: Lobelia cavaleriei H. Léveillé (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 455. 1911). Type: Guizhou, Cavalerie 2989 (isotype, E). See Lammers (World Checkl. Bibliogr. Campanulaceae, Kew, 2007).

《Flora of China》|| Campanulaceae || ||半边莲属 Lobelia

15. Lobelia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 929. 1753.

半边莲属 ban bian lian shu

Authors: Deyuan Hong & Thomas G. Lammers

Cardinalis Fabricius; Dortmanna Hill; Laurentia Adanson; Rapuntium Miller.

Herbs, but some species lignified at base, and even some species in Africa and Hawaiian Islands trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, in 2 rows or spiral. Flowers solitary and axillary, or in terminal racemes, or in panicles of racemes, bisexual [some Australian species dioecious]; bracteoles present or absent. Flowers pedicellate, solitary and axillary or in terminal racemes (rarely secund or corymbose) or panicles. Calyx lobes entire or serrate, persistent, rarely auriculate. Corolla zygomorphic, rarely with a narrow nectar spur; dorsal side typically divided longitudinally to base or nearly so, sometimes laterally fenestrate; limb commonly bilabiate, dorsal lip 2-lobed, ventral lip 3-lobed, or rarely ventrally unilabiate. Stamens connate, enveloping style, exserted from corolla dorsally; all 5 anthers or just ventral pair barbate at apex (rarely all nude). Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, very rarely almost superior, 2-locular; stigma 2-fid; ovules numerous. Fruit an apically 2-valved capsule or a berry. Seeds numerous, oblong or 3-angled, sometimes winged, smooth, foveolate, striate, or verrucose.

About 414 species: mainly in tropics and subtropics, particularly tropical Africa and America, with a few species extending to temperate regions; 23 species (six endemic) in China.

Doubtful species: Lobelia cavaleriei H. Léveillé (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 455. 1911). Type: Guizhou, Cavalerie 2989 (isotype, E). See Lammers (World Checkl. Bibliogr. Campanulaceae, Kew, 2007).

《云南植物志》|| 半边莲科 Lobeliaceae ||半边莲科 Lobeliaceae ||半边莲属 Lobelia Linn

1．半边莲属 Lobelia Linn
草本、亚灌木、稀灌木。叶互生。花单生于叶腋内或为顶生的总状花序或穗状花序；花萼管贴生于2室的子房，陀螺状、半球形、倒卵形、倒圆锥形、稀长圆伏线形，裂片5，相等或近相等，极少数2唇形；花冠偏斜或下弯，管状，背部纵裂；冠簷5深裂，2唇形，稀单唇（裂片全部外折）；上唇2深裂，裂片通常较小，下唇通常3深裂，裂片间等长或稀不等长，在基部通常有2折叠或浅囊状；雄蕊与花冠分离，花丝狭线形，下部分离，其余合生，花药合生成管状，近圆柱形，劲直或稍弯曲，2蕊或全部顶端具髯毛或无毛，背面被毛或无毛；花柱丝状，藏于雄蕊管中，开花后伸展，柱头先端2裂，最初头状折叠，以后展开，近圆形；子房下位，被中隔膜分成2室，胎座着生于两面，胚珠多数。蒴果顶裂为2果瓣。种子多数，小，椭圆形、近球形、长圆形或三角形，有时具翅，稍压扁，无毛，及具小网脉，小条纹或小瘤状突起。
约380种，主要分布于热带及亚热带区域，以非洲最多，美洲次之，少部分在亚洲至大洋洲，欧洲最少（2种）。我国有20多种，主产长江以南各省，云南有15种。
有些种类入药，有些供观赏用。