《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||菊三七属 Gynura Cass. nom. cons. ||木耳菜 Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore

5.木耳菜（图考）西藏三七草（西藏植物志）图版70：1-4
Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 50: 212. 1912; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1119. 1936; Kitam. in Kihera Fauna et Fl. Nepal. Himal. 260. 1955; et in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 340. 1966; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan. Mus. 19: 280, 1966; Koyama in Mem. Fac, Sci. Kyota Univ. Ser. B. 2: 34. 1968; Gould in Hara et al., Enum. Flower. Pl. Nepal 3: 29. 1982;西藏植物志4: 803,图353.1985;横断山区维管植物下册: 2103.1993. ——Cacalia cusimbua D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 1791 1825. ——Cacalia angulosa Wall. Cat. 108. n. 3152. 1831. nom. nud. ——Gynura angulosa (Wall.) DC. Prodr. 6: 298. 1838; C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 170. 1876; Hook. f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 334. 1881. Gynura bicolor auct. non (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC;海南植物志3: 417.1974;贵州植物志5: 222. 1989.
多年生高大草本，高1.5-2米。茎肉质，基部木质，直径1.5-2厘米，下半部平卧，上部直立，有多数伞房状分枝，绿色或带紫色，有明显的槽沟，无毛或上部多少被毛。叶大，无柄或有短柄；叶片倒卵形，长圆状椭圆形，椭圆形或长圆状披针形，长(5) 10-30厘米，宽4-11厘米，顶端渐尖，基部楔状狭成短柄或无柄而扩大抱茎的宽叶耳，边缘有不规则的锐锯齿，齿端具小尖，侧脉12-30对，弧状弯曲，上面绿色，下面有时变紫色，两面无毛；上部叶渐小，长圆状披针形或披针形，顶端长渐尖或尾尖。头状花序直径10-12毫米，通常4-15个花茎，枝端排成伞房状圆锥花序；花序枝长短不等，花序梗细，长1.5-3厘米，在2-3个丝状线形的苞片，被短柔毛。总苞片狭钟形或圆柱状，长12-17毫米，宽8-12毫米，基部有7-9个线状丝形的小苞片；总苞1层，13-15个，线形或线状披针形，长13-15毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，顶端渐尖，边缘干膜质，背面有明显的3肋，无毛或近无毛。小花约50个，橙黄色，花冠长11-13毫米，管部细，长7-9毫米，上部扩大，裂片三角状卵形，檐部长3-4毫米。瘦果圆柱形，长4-4.5毫米，褐色，具10条肋，肋间有微毛。冠毛多数，白色，绢毛状，长10-15毫米，易脱落。花果期9-10月。
产四川（木里）、云南（凤仪、漾濞、顺宁、贡山、福贡、怒江、楚雄、景东、安宁、临沧）、西藏（吉隆、通麦、察隅）。生于林下、山坡或路边草丛中，海拔1350-3400米，印度、尼泊尔、缅甸、泰国也有分布。

《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||菊三七属 Gynura Cass. nom. cons. ||木耳菜 Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore

7. 木耳菜 (图考)
Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore (1921); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1999)*.
Cacalia cusimbua D. Don (1825); C. bicolor Roxb. (1814), nom. nud., (1832) descr., non Willd.; C. angulosa Wall. (1831), nom. nud.; DC. (1838); Crassocephalum cusimbua (D. Don) O. Ktze. (1891).
多年生草本，高1.5-2米。茎肉质，基部直径1.5-2厘米，下部平卧，上部直立，被柔毛或脱毛，多分枝。叶倒卵形、长圆状披针形或椭圆形，长10-30厘米，宽4-11厘米，先端渐尖，基部渐狭，无柄，具抱茎的宽叶耳，边缘有尖锯齿；叶脉羽状，侧脉12-30对；叶面绿色，背面有时变紫色，两面无毛；上部叶较小，披针形或长圆披针形，先端长渐尖。头状花序4-15，排列成圆锥状伞房花序；花序梗长1.5-3厘米，被短毛，具2-3苞片；总苞狭钟形或圆柱形，长12-17毫米，宽8-12毫米，具7-9小外苞片；总苞片13-15，线形或线状披针形，宽1.5毫米，先端渐尖，边缘膜质，背面无毛。小花50，橙黄色，管状，长11-13毫米，管部长7-9毫米。瘦果圆柱形，褐色，长4-4.5毫米，具10肋，肋间有微无毛；冠毛白色，长10-15毫米。花期9-10月。
产德钦、贡山、福贡、泸水、祥云、洱源、大理、漾濞、安宁、楚雄、蒙自、景东、腾冲、盈江、陇川、凤庆、临沧；生于海拔1400-3400米林下、山坡、路边。分布于西藏、四川。印度、缅甸、泰国也有。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Gynura ||木耳菜 Gynura cusimbua

5. Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore, J. Bot. 50: 212. 1912.

木耳菜 mu er cai

Cacalia cusimbua D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 179. 1825; Gynura angulosa Candolle.

Herbs, perennial, robust. Stems procumbent in lower part, erect above, green or purplish, 150-300 cm tall, 1.5-2 cm in diam., fleshy, woody at base, much corymbosely branched, conspicuously canaliculate, glabrous or ± hairy in upper part. Leaves large, sessile or shortly petiolate; blade abaxially sometimes becoming purplish, adaxially green, obovate, oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, (5-)10-30 × 4-11 cm, both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 12-30-paired, base cuneately attenuate into short petiole or sessile with expanded semiamplexicaul broad auricle, margin irregularly sharply serrate, mucronulate, apex acuminate. Upper leaves smaller, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, apex long acuminate or caudate-acute. Capitula 10-12 mm in diam., usually 4-15 in terminal corymbose panicles; synflorescence branches unequal; peduncles 1.5-3 cm, slender, with 2 or 3 filiform-linear bracts, shortly pubescent. Involucres narrowly campanulate or cylindric, 12-17 × 8-12 mm; bracts of calyculus 7-9, linear-filiform; phyllaries 13-15, linear or linear-lanceolate, 13-15 × 1-1.5 mm, glabrous or subglabrous, conspicuously 3-ribbed, margin scarious, apically acuminate. Florets ca. 50; corolla orange, 11-13 mm; tube 7-9 mm, slender, dilated in upper part. Achenes brownish, 4-4.5 mm, puberulent, 10-ribbed. Pappus hairs numerous, white, 10-15 mm, silky, easily deciduous. Fl. Sep-Oct.

Forests, slopes, grasslands, roadsides; 1300-3400 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].

F. G. Davies (Kew Bull. 33: 629-640. 1999) includes Gynura cusimbua in her circumscription of G. bicolor, stating that they are intergrading in all characters. Intermediates are therefore to be expected.