《中国植物志》|| 锦葵科 MALVACEAE ||棉属 Gossypium Linn. ||陆地棉 Gossypium hirsutum L.

3.陆地棉（种子植物名称）高地棉（广州常见经济植物），大陆棉（中国树木分类 学），美洲棉（经济植物手册），墨西哥棉（华北经济植物志要），美棉 图版25: 4
Gossypium hirsutum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 975, 1763; Watt Wild Cult. Co. tton Pl. 183, t. 29-31, 1907; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学768,图656, 1937; 崔友文, 华北经济植物志要316, 1953; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 67, pl. 11-4,221, 1955; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志255, 1956; 陈焕镛, 海南植物志2: 105, 1965; 昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志2: 237, 1979.——Gossypium, mexicanum Todaro Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Panorm. 20-31, 1,867; Relaz. Cult. Cot. 193, t. 6, 12, f. 32, 1877; Watt Wild Cult. Cotton 226,t. 39-41, 1907; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Fami1y 153: 67, pl. 11-5, 22-6, 1955.
一年生草本，高0.6-1.5米，小枝疏被长毛。叶阔卵形，直径5-12厘米，长、宽近相等或较宽，基部心形或心状截头形，常3浅裂，很少为5裂，中裂片常深裂达叶片之半，裂片宽三角状卵形，先端突渐尖，基部宽，上面近无毛，沿脉被粗毛，下面疏被长柔毛；叶柄长3-14厘米，疏被柔毛；托叶卵状镰形，长5-8毫米，早落。花单生于叶腋，花梗通常较叶柄略短；小苞片3，分离，基部心形，具腺体1个，边缘具7-9齿，连齿长达4厘米，宽约2.5厘米，被长硬毛和纤毛；花萼杯状，裂片5，三角形，具缘毛；花白色或淡黄色，后变淡红色或紫色，长2.5-3厘米；雄蕊柱长1. 2厘米。蒴果卵圆形，长3.5-5厘米，具喙，3-4室；种子分离，卵圆形，具白色长棉毛和灰白色不易剥离的短棉毛。花期夏秋季。
已广泛栽培于全国各产棉区，且已取代树棉和草棉。我国现有栽培品种有：斯字棉、德字棉、岱字棉、柯字棉等，最近育出的高产品种，在北方有鲁棉一号。原产美洲墨西哥。十九世纪末叶始传入我国栽培。

《云南植物志》|| 锦葵科 Malvaceae ||棉属 Gossypium Linn. ||陆地棉 Gossypium hirsutum Linn.

3．陆地棉（种子植物名称）图版64，1—3
高地棉（广州常见经济植物），大陆棉（中国树木分类学），美洲棉（经济植物手册），墨西哥棉（华北经济植物志要）美棉
Gossypium hirsutum Linn. (1763); Watt. (1907)*; 中国树木分类学 (1937)*; S. Y. Hu (1955)*; 广州植物志 (1956)
Gossypium mexicanum Todaro (1867); S. Y. Hu (1955)*.
多枝亚灌木状，高0.6-1.5米，小枝被疏长毛。叶阔卵形，直径5—12厘米，长与宽近相等或较宽，基部心形或心状截头形，3浅裂，稀5裂，中裂片常深达叶片之半，裂片阔三角状卵形，先端突渐尖，基部阔，上面近于无毛，沿脉上被粗毛，下面疏被长柔毛；叶柄长3－14厘米，被疏柔毛；托叶卵状镰形，长5－8毫米，早落。花单生，花梗通常较叶柄略短；小苞片3，分离，基部心形，有腺体1个，边缘具7—9齿，连齿长约4厘米，宽约2.5厘米，被长硬毛和纤毛；花萼杯状，裂片5，三角形，具缘毛；花瓣白色或淡黄色，后变淡红或紫色，长约2.5—3厘米；雄蕊柱长约1—2厘米。蒴果卵圆形，长3.5—5厘米，具喙3—4室；种子分离，卵圆形，具白色长绵毛和灰白色不易剥离的短绵毛。花期夏秋间。
云南各地棉区栽培。我国各产棉区普遍栽培，已取代树棉和草棉。我国栽培的品种有：斯字棉、德字棉、岱字棉、河字棉……等等。原产于美洲墨西哥。十九世纪末叶始传入我国。

《Flora of North America》|| Malvaceae || Gossypium || Gossypium hirsutum

2. Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2. 2: 975. 1763.
[I W]

Upland cotton, algodón Upland cotton, algodón

Gossypium hopi Lewton; G. latifolium Murray; G. mexicanum Todaro; G. punctatum Schumacher & Thonning; G. religiosum Linnaeus

Plants 1–2 m, usually widely branching. Stems terete, stellate-hairy. Leaves: stipules subulate to falcate, 5–15(–20) mm; petiole terete, 1/2 to as long as blade; blade shallowly 3–5-lobed, lobes broadly ovate, 4–10 cm, membranous, base cordate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or hairy. Inflorescences: flowers usually sympodial. Pedicels 2–4 cm, with 3-merous involucellar nectaries; involucellar bractlets persistent, foliaceous (enclosing bud), broadly cordate-ovate, 2–4.5 cm, margins laciniate. Flowers: calyx 5–6 mm (excluding teeth, if present), apex truncate or 5-toothed; petals cream, with or without red spot, 2–5 cm; staminal column 15 mm, glabrous; style somewhat exceeding androecium; stigmas 3–5. Capsules 3–5-locular, broadly ovoid or subglobose, 2–4 cm, smooth, glabrous. Seeds 8–10 mm, comose, hairs (cotton) usually white. 2n = 52.

Flowering year-round. Littoral vegetation, cultivated fields; 0–20 m; introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., Ill., La., Mass., Miss., Mo., N.Mex., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tex., Va.; Central America; introduced nearly worldwide.

Gossypium hirsutum is part of the littoral vegetation in the Florida Keys and around the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The species is found also as the dominant agricultural crop of the Cotton Belt, from California to the Carolinas; it is cultivated worldwide in suitable climates. The species may be found also as an escape, or from cotton mulch used in gardens or from waste around areas of cotton agriculture (fields, gin yards, roadsides, and other places).

《Flora of China》|| Malvaceae || Gossypium ||陆地棉 Gossypium hirsutum

3. Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 975. 1763.

陆地棉 lu di mian

Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Todaro) Roberty; G. mexicanum Todaro; G. religiosum Linnaeus.

Herbs, annual, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Branchlets sparsely villous. Stipules ovate-falcate, 5-8 mm, caducous; petiole 3-14 cm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 3(-5)-lobed, 5-12 cm in diam., lobes broadly triangular to ovate-orbicular, base broad, central lobe usually 1/2 as long as leaf blade, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially nearly glabrous, scabrously hairy on veins, base cordate or cordate-truncate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel usually slightly shorter than petiole. Epicalyx lobes 3, free, to 4 × 2.5 cm (including teeth), hirsute and ciliate with long hairs, base cordate, with 1 gland, 7-9-toothed near apex, teeth 3 or 4 × as long as wide. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes triangular, ciliate. Corolla white or yellowish, fading to reddish or purple, funnelform; petals 4-5.5 × 3.5-4.5 cm. Staminal column 1-2 cm; filaments lax, upper ones longer. Capsule 3- or 4-celled, ovoid, 3.5-5 cm, apex beaked. Seeds free, ovoid, with white wool and gray-white moderately persistent short fuzz. Fl. summer-autumn.

Widely cultivated in China [probably of American origin (?Mexico), now cultivated throughout warmer parts of the world].

Gossypium hirsutum has replaced G. arboreum and G. herbaceum in the cotton-producing areas of China.