《中国植物志》|| 豆科 LEGUMINOSAE ||水黄皮属 Pongamia Vent. ||水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

1.水黄皮（中国主要植物图说•豆科）水流豆、野豆
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. t. 385. 1899; Merr. Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 271. 1917; Kanehira Form. Trees rev. ed. 305. 1936;中国主要植物图说•豆科586.图567. 1955; 海南植物志2: 291. 图442. 1965; 台湾植物志3: 358. 1977.——Cytisus pinnatus Linn. Sp. Pl. 741. 1753.——Pongamia glabra Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 28. 1803; DC. Prodr. 2: 416. 1825; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 240. 1878; Gagnep. in Lectomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 441. 1916.
乔木，高8-15米。嫩枝通常无毛，有时稍被微柔毛，老枝密生灰白色小皮孔。羽状复叶长20-25厘米；小叶2-3对，近革质，卵形，阔椭圆形至长椭圆形，长5-10厘米，宽4-8厘米，先端短渐尖或圆形，基部宽楔形、圆形或近截形；小叶柄长6-8毫米。总状花序腋生，长15-20厘米，通常2朵花簇生于花序总轴的节上；花梗长5-8毫米，在花萼下有卵形的小苞片2枚；花萼长约3毫米，萼齿不明显，外面略被锈色短柔毛，边缘尤密；花冠白色或粉红色，长12-14毫米，各瓣均具柄，旗瓣背面被丝毛，边缘内卷，龙骨瓣略弯曲。荚果长4-5厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，表面有不甚明显的小疣凸，顶端有微弯曲的短喙，不开裂，沿缝线处无隆起的边或翅，有种子1粒；种子肾形。花期5-6月，果期8-10月。
产福建、广东（东南部沿海地区）、海南。生于溪边、塘边及海边潮汐能到达的地方。印度、斯里兰卡、马来西亚、澳大利亚、波利尼西亚也有分布。
木材纹理致密美丽，可制作各种器具；种子油可作燃料；全株入药，可作催吐剂和杀虫剂；沿海地区可作堤岸护林和行道树。

《Flora of China》|| Fabaceae || Pongamia ||水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata

1. Pongamia pinnata (Linnaeus) Merrill, Interpr. Herb. Am­boin. 271. 1917.

水黄皮 shui huang pi

Cytisus pinnatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 741. 1753; Derris indica (Lamarck) Bennet; Galedupa indica Lamarck; G. pin­nata (Linnaeus) Taubert; Millettia pinnata (Linnaeus) Pani­grahi; Pongamia glabra Ventenat; P. mitis (Linnaeus) Kurz; Robinia mitis Linnaeus.

Trees, 8-15 m tall. Branchlets sometimes tomentose, gla­brescent, with dense minute cinereous lenticels. Leaves 5- or 7-foliolate; rachis 20-26 cm, including petiole 5-6 cm; petiolules 6-8 mm; leaflet blades ovate, broadly elliptic, or oblong, 5-10 × 4-8 cm, leathery, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or truncate, apex rounded to acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 15-20 cm, rachis nodes usually with 2 flowers. Pedicel 5-8 mm; bracteoles 2, inserted at base of calyx, ovate. Calyx campanulate to calathiform, ca. 3 mm, outside sparsely yellowish pubescent; teeth obscure. Corolla white or pink, 1.2-1.4 cm; standard orbicular, outside thinly sericeous, base auriculate, claw 2-callose; wings oblong, oblique, base auriculate; keels falcate, apically adherent, apex truncate. Stamens 10, vexillary stamen distinct, others connate; anthers basifixed. Ovary sub­sessile, with 2 ovules; style inflexed, glabrous; stigma capitate. Legume ellipsoid to oblong, flat, 4-5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, indehiscent, covered with obscure warts, apex shortly beaked. Seed reni­form. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 22.

Coastal areas along beaches or riverbanks, thickets; near sea level. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; C Africa, Australia, Central America, Pacific islands].

Pongamia pinnata is represented in China by the typical variety. Another variety, Pongamia pinnata var. xerocarpa (Hasskarl) Alston, occurs in S and SE Asia.