《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||刺苞菊属 Carlina L. ||刺苞菊 Carlina biebersteinii Bernh. ex Hornem.

1.刺苞菊（新拟）新疆刺苞术（植物分类学报）图版1：3；4：2；11：2
Carlina biebersteinii Bernh. ex Hornem., Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 94, 1819; Lincz. in Fl. URSS 27:82, 1962; Y. L. Chen in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 18(2): 255, 1980——C. longifolia Rchb., Pl. Crit. 8: 25, 1830——C. longilolia Rchb. var. β. pontica Boiss., Fl. Or. 3: 448, 1875——C. vulgaris L. var. longifolia Korsh., Tent. Fl. Ross. Or. 234, 1898——C. vulgaris L. γ. microcephala Ldb., Fl. Ross 2 (2): 675, an p. p. 1845-1846——C. acaulis auct. non L. : Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2 (2): 674, p. p., 1845——1846——C. nebrodensis auct. non Guss. : Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2(2): 675, 1845——1846. ——C. vulgaris auct. non L. : Ldb., Fl. Alt. 4:13, 1833.
二年生草本，高20-120厘米，上部有花序分枝或不分枝，茎枝微被白色蛛丝状毛，但上部或花序分枝上的毛较稠密。基生叶有渐狭的长叶柄，茎叶无柄，全部叶纸质或厚纸质，不分裂，披针形或线状披针形，长4-15厘米，宽0.5-2厘米，两面同色或几同色，上面绿色，无毛或几无毛，下面绿色或色淡，被稀疏蛛丝毛或无毛，边缘有针刺状缘毛；最上部茎叶包围头状花序，多少等长于或超长于头状花序。头状花序单生茎顶，或少数头状花序在茎枝顶排成伞房花序。总苞半球形，直径3.5-4.5厘米。总苞片多层，外层绿色，叶状，外面有稀疏的蛛丝状毛或蛛丝状毛稠密，边缘有针刺或针刺分枝；中层褐色或暗紫色，边缘有针刺或针刺分枝；最内层苞片亮黄色，硬膜质，线形，比中层苞片长。小花紫色或紫巾带黄，全部为两性，管状，长7-9毫米，冠簷5深裂。瘦果长椭圆状，长2-4 毫米，被稠密的顺向贴伏的长直毛。冠毛刚毛长羽毛状，比瘦果长2-4倍，长达9毫米，每2-3个冠毛刚毛基部结合成束，也可以说冠毛刚毛膜片状，深裂成长2-3个长羽毛状的长刚毛。花果期8-9月。
新疆北部（布尔津县）。生于河边石滩地、干草甸或灌丛中。欧洲、苏联西伯利亚、中 亚有分布。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Carlina ||刺苞菊 Carlina biebersteinii

1. Carlina biebersteinii Bernhardi ex Hornemann, Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 94. 1819.

刺苞菊 ci bao ju

Carlina longifolia Reichenbach (1830), not Viviani (1824); C. longifolia var. pontica Boissier; C. vulgaris Linnaeus var. longifolia Grabowski; C. vulgaris var. microcephala Ledebour.

Herbs 20-120 cm tall, biennial. Stem solitary, apically branched, weakly cobwebby. Basal leaves long petiolate. Cauline leaves sessile, undivided, green, concolorous or abaxially paler, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4-15 × 0.5-2 cm, ± thickly papery, glabrous or abaxially sparsely cobwebby, margin with spinules alternating with distant groups of stouter spines. Uppermost cauline leaves grading into bracts. Bracts very numerous, surrounding capitulum; outer bracts similar to leaves, green, cobwebby; inner bracts gradually smaller upward, brown or dark purple, progressively reduced to bipinnate spines. Capitula 1 to several, corymbose. Involucre hemispheric-obconic, 3.5-4.5 cm in diam. Phyllaries linear, margin entire; outer phyllaries few, completely hidden by bracts, abaxially densely sericeous cobwebby, margins long interwoven ciliate, distal portion purplish, apex acuminate; inner phyllaries much longer, much exceeding florets, abaxially sparsely cobwebby, margin proximally appressed ciliate, distal portion adaxially yellow, scarious, spreading hygroscopically and showy when dry. Corolla purple, 7-9 mm. Achene oblong, 2-4 mm. Pappus bristles connate to varying lengths in groups of 2-4, all basally united into a ring. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 20.

Dry meadows, thickets, river terraces; ca. 1000 m. N Xinjiang (Burqin) [Kazakhstan, Russia; Europe].