《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||石胡荽属 Centipeda Lour. ||石胡荽 Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun & Asch.

1.石胡荽（四声本草）球子草 图版1: 17-18；图版2: 18
Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Aschers., Index Sem. Hort. Berol. App. 6. 1867; Merr., Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3: 615. 1923; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1114. 1936; Merr. et Chun in Sunyats. 5; 196. 1940; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 15: 332. 1940; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志540. 1956; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册779.图1256. 1959; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表396. 图版136. 图8. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 519.图6451. 1975.——Artemisia minima L., Sp. Pl. 849. 1753. ——Cotula orbicularis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 493. 1790; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 6: 46 (Pl. David. 1: 167. 1884) 1883; Komar. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 650. 1907; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 504. 1934. ——Cotula minima (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 2170. 1804; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-chine, 3: 587. fig. 62, 413.——18. 1924. ——Myriogyne minuta Less. in Linnaea 4: 219. 1831; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 163. 1859; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 186. 1861; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 440. 1888; Hayata, Comp. Formos. 22. 1904, et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 62. 1919.——Sphaeromorphaea centipeda DC., Prodr. 6: 140. 1837. ——Centipeda minuta (Less.) C. B. Clarke, Com. Ind. 151. 1876.
一年生小草本。茎多分枝，高5-20厘米，匍匐状，微被蛛丝状毛或无毛。叶互生，楔状倒披针形，长7-18毫米，顶端钝，基部楔形，边缘有少数锯齿，无毛或背面微被蛛丝状毛。头状花序小，扁球形，直径约3毫米，单生于叶腋，无花序梗或极短；总苞半球形；总苞片2层，椭圆状披针形，绿色，边缘透明膜质，外层较大；边缘花雌性，多层，花冠细管状，长约0.2毫米，淡绿黄色，顶端2-3微裂；盘花两性，花冠管状，长约0.5毫米，顶端4深裂，淡紫红色，下部有明显的狭管。瘦果椭圆形，长约1毫米，具4棱，棱上有长毛，无冠状冠毛。花果期6-10月。
产我国东北、华北、华中、华东、华南、西南。生于路旁、荒野阴湿地。朝鲜、日本、印度、马来西亚、大洋洲也有分布。
本种即中草药“鹅不食草”，能通窍散寒、祛风利湿，散瘀消肿，主治鼻炎、跌打损伤等症。

《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||石胡荽属 Centipeda Lour. ||石胡荽 Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br.

1. 石胡荽 (四声本草) 图版69：3-6
鞭打锈球 (普洱) ，球子草 (通称) ，鹅不食草 (中药名) ，三箭、三郎箭 (陕西) ，沙药草 (江苏) ，地胡椒 (海南)
Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Aschers. (1876); Merr. (1923); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); Merr. et Chun (1940); Kitam. (1940); S. Y. Hu (1966); 图鉴 (1975)*; 中国植物志 (1983)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 秦岭植物志 (1985)*; 贵州植物志 (1989)*; 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
Artemisia minima L. (1753); Centipeda orbicularis Lour. (1790); Franch. (1883), (1884); Cotula minima (L.) Willd. (1804); Myriogyne minuta Less. (1831); Maxim. (1859); Sphaeromorphaea centipeda DC. (1937); Centipeda minuta (Less.) C. B. Clarke (1876).
一年生小草本，高5-12厘米。主根长达15厘米，上部粗1-2毫米，具多数侧根和纤维状细根。茎自基部多分枝，茎枝纤细，具细纵棱，疏被白色蛛丝状毛或无毛，分枝近基部或下部匍匐生根。叶多数，叶片楔状倒披针形，长3-10 (-15) 毫米，宽2-4 (-6) 毫米，先端钝，基部长楔形，边缘具1-3对钝锯齿，两面绿色，无毛或背面被极稀疏的蛛丝状毛，中脉在背面稍凸起，侧脉不明显；叶柄无或极短。头状花序小，扁球形，径3-3.5毫米，单生于叶腋内；花序梗无或近无；总苞半球形，径2.5-3毫米；总苞片2层，近等长，斜展或平展，披针状长圆形，长1-1.5毫米，先端钝，背面无毛或被极稀疏的蛛丝状毛，具白色的狭膜质边缘。边缘雌花多层，花冠细管状，长0.1-0.2毫米，先端2-3微裂，花柱伸出冠管外；中央两性花数朵，花冠长0.4-0.5毫米，冠檐4深裂至近基部，冠管极短，全部花冠黄色、淡黄色或白色。瘦果近圆柱形，长约1毫米，具4条纵棱，疏被细长毛。花果期3-11月。
产于勐腊、勐海、景洪、普洱、沧源、耿马、景东、洱源、泸水和砚山、巧家；生于海拔640-1900米的林下、沟边、荒地、路旁及沙滩上。我国除西北部外大部分省区有分布。朝鲜、日本、印度、马来西亚和大洋洲也有。
全草药用，能通窍散寒、祛风利湿、散瘀消肿，治感冒、鼻炎、疟疾、疳积、黄疸型肝炎、跌打、疮疡、蛇伤、皮癣、小儿麻痹后遗症。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Centipeda ||石胡荽 Centipeda minima

1. Centipeda minima (Linnaeus) A. Braun & Ascherson, Index Sem. Hort. Berol. App. 6. 1867.

石胡荽 shi hu sui

Artemisia minima Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 849. 1753; A. orbicularis (Loureiro) Roxburgh; A. sternutatoria Roxburgh; Centipeda minima var. lanuginosa (Candolle) Domin; C. minuta (G. Forster) Bentham ex C. B. Clarke; C. orbicularis Loureiro; C. orbicularis var. lanuginosa (Candolle) F. M. Bailey; Cotula minima (Linnaeus) Willdenow; C. minuta G. Forster; C. sternutatoria (Roxburgh) Wallich ex Candolle; Dichrocephala minima (Linnaeus) Bojer; Grangea minuta (G. Forster) Poiret; Myriogyne minima (Linnaeus) Lessing ex Seemann; M. minuta (G. Forster) Lessing; M. minuta var. lanuginosa Candolle; Sphaeromorphaea centipeda Candolle, nom. illeg. superfl.; S. russelliana Candolle var. glabrata Candolle.

Prostrate or ascending, slender, leafy herb, sparsely lanate to subglabrous, usually with a mixture of white cottony and coarser multicellular hairs. Branches many, spreading from root, 8-20 cm. Leaf blade oblong-obovate to spatulate, 3-12(-27) × 1.5-4(-11) mm, glabrescent to moderately cottony, margins with a few, coarse teeth. Capitula leaf-opposed or apparently axillary, solitary, sessile or subsessile, rounded, 1.5-2.5(-5) mm in diam. Phyllaries obovate, ca. 1 mm, margins membranous, erose. Female corollas 0.2-0.4 mm. Bisexual florets 8-14, often purplish. Achenes narrowly cuneate, 0.6-1 mm, tipped with persistent style, angles 4 or 5, with short, ascending bristles, continued virtually to truncate apex; faces often each with a line of sessile glands.

Disturbed habitats; below 1500(-2500) m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Thailand; Australia, Pacific islands (Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa)].

The Chinese material belongs to Centipeda minima subsp. minima. The second subspecies, C. minima subsp. macrocephala N. G. Wilson, is restricted to Australia.

Centipeda minima is widely used in traditional medicine.