《中国植物志》|| Subtrib. Eulophiinae Benth. ||美冠兰亚族 Subtrib. Eulophiinae Benth. ||美冠兰属 Eulophia R. Br. ex Lindl.

80. 美冠兰属Eulophia R. Br. ex Lindl.
R. Br. ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 7: t. 573. 1821, nom. conserv.: Seidenf. in Opera Bot. 72: 28. 1983. ——Lissochilus R. Br. in Bot. Reg. 7: sub t. 573. 1821, nom. rej. ——Cyrtosia Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 189. 1833. ——Donacopsis Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris ser. 2, 4: 593. 1932, quoad florem. ——Semiphaius Gagnep. l. c. p. 598.
地生草本或极罕腐生。茎膨大成球茎状、块状或其他形状假鳞茎，位于地下或地上，通常具数节，疏生少数较粗厚的根。叶数枚，基生，有长柄，叶柄常互相套叠成假茎状，有关节，腐生种类无绿叶。花葶从假鳞茎侧面节上发出，直立；总状花序有时有 分枝而形成圆锥花序，极少减退为单花；萼片离生，相似，侧萼片常稍斜歪；花瓣与中萼片相似或略宽；唇瓣通常3裂并以侧裂片围抱蕊柱，少有不裂，多少直立，唇盘上常有褶片、鸡冠状脊、流苏状毛等附属物，基部大多有距或囊，较少无距无囊；蕊柱长或短，常有翅；蕊柱足有或无；花药顶生，向前俯倾，不完全2室，药帽上常有2个暗色突起；花粉团2个，多少有裂隙，蜡质，具短而宽阔的粘盘柄和圆形粘盘。
本属模式种：Eulophia guineensis Lindl.
全属约200种，主要分布于非洲，其次是亚洲热带与亚热带地区，美洲和澳大利亚也有分布。我国有14种。

《云南植物志》|| 兰科 Orchidaceae ||美冠兰亚族 Subtrib. Eulophiinae Benth. ||美冠兰属 Eulophia R. Br. ex Lindl.

58.美冠兰属 Eulophia R. Br. ex Lindl.
地生草本或极罕腐生。节膨大成球茎状、块状或其他形状假鳞茎，位于地下或地上，通常具数节，疏生少数较粗厚的根；叶数枚，基生，有长柄，叶柄常互相套叠成假茎状，有关节，腐生种类无绿叶。花葶从假鳞茎侧面节上发出，直立；总状花序有时有分枝而形成圆锥花序，极少减退为单花；萼片离生，相似，侧萼片常稍斜歪；花瓣与中萼片相似或略宽；唇瓣通常3裂并以侧裂片围抱蕊柱，少有不裂，多少直立唇盘上常有褶片、鸡冠状脊、流苏状毛等附属物，基部大多有距或囊，较少无距无囊，蕊柱长或短，常有翅；蕊柱足有或无；花药顶生，向前俯倾，不完全2室，药帽上常有2个暗色突起；花粉团2个，多少有裂隙，蜡质，具短而宽阔的黏盘柄和圆形黏盘。
全属约200种，主要分布于非洲、亚洲热带与亚热带，少数分布于美洲和澳大利亚。我国有14种。云南产7种。

《Flora of North America》|| Orchidaceae || || Eulophia

58. Eulophia R. Brown ex Lindley, Bot. Reg. 8: plate 686. 1823.

[Greek eu, well, and lophos, plume, crest, alluding to the crest on the lip]

Gustavo A. Romero-González

Platypus Small & Nash

Herbs, terrestrial [rarely epiphytic], cespitose. Stems modified into corms [pseudobulbs], concealed by leaf sheaths. Leaves usually caducous, 1–several [sometimes much reduced, scalelike], basal, distichous, imbricate near base, clustered distally, nearly [distinctly] petiolate; blade plicate, not articulate with leaf sheaths, leathery. Inflorescences lateral, arising from base of corm [pseudobulb], racemes [rarely paniculate], erect. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals and petals distinct [lateral sepals sometimes connate at base] and free, sepals erect to spreading; lip adnate or articulate to column foot, concave, saccate [sometimes spurred], 3-lobed; disc with erect lamellae; column erect, slightly arcuate, semiterete, long, more than 10 mm [short], basally produced into conspicuous foot, with shallow lateral wings distally; anther terminal, incumbent, 1-locular, operculate, 2-lobed at apex [entire]; pollinarium with 2 pollinia, yellow, nearly triangular to nearly circular, sulcate, cartilaginous; stipe short, inconspicuous [conspicuous, ligulate], viscidium semicircular [semilunar]. Fruits capsules, pendent when mature.

Species 215 (1 in the flora): pantropical.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Cribb, P. J. 1987. The genus Eulophia in Africa. In: K. Kondo and K. Hashimoto, eds. 1987. World Orchid Hiroshima Symposium…. [Sekai Ran Kaigi Hiroshima Taikai.] Hiroshima. Pp. 97–103. Cribb, P. J. 1989. Eulophia. In: W. B. Turrill et al., eds. 1952+. Flora of Tropical East Africa. 152+ vols. London and Rotterdam. Orchidaceae, part 3, pp. 422–480.

《Flora of China》|| Orchidaceae || ||美冠兰属 Eulophia

89. Eulophia R. Brown, Bot. Reg. 7: ad t. 573 ["578"]. 1821.

美冠兰属 mei guan lan shu

Authors: Xinqi Chen, Phillip J. Cribb & Stephan W. Gale

Cyrtopera Lindley; Donacopsis Gagnepain; Lissochilus R. Brown; Semiphajus Gagnepain, p.p.

Herbs, terrestrial, autotrophic or rarely heteromycotrophic. Pseudobulbs subterranean or borne above ground, cormlike, tuberous, or rhizomatous, usually several noded, with several slender or thick fibrous roots at base. Leaves appearing at or after anthesis, 1 to many, basal, base tapering or contracted into a long petiole-like stalk, reduced to scales in heteromycotrophic species; petiole-like leaf base sometimes overlapping and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence erect, lateral, racemose or rarely paniculate, laxly to subdensely many flowered or occasionally reduced to a solitary flower. Flowers resupinate, small to large, sometimes showy; pedicel and ovary slender. Sepals free, similar; lateral sepals usually slightly oblique, sometimes adnate to column foot. Petals similar to dorsal sepal or slightly wider; lip ± erect, usually 3-lobed, lateral lobes erect and embracing column, rarely entire, base usually spurred or saccate; disk usually with a callus consisting of lamellae, ridges, or fringes. Column short to long, usually winged; column foot present or less commonly absent; anther terminal, incompletely 2-locular, anther cap often with 2 projections; pollinia 2, ± cleft, waxy, attached to a suborbicular viscidium by a short, broad stipe.

About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions, most diverse in Africa, but also widespread from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands to C and tropical Asia, the SW Pacific islands, and N and NW Australia; 13 species (two endemic) in China.