《中国植物志》|| 毛茛科 RANUNCULACEAE ||石龙芮组 Sect. Hecatonia (Ovcz.) Tamura ||石龙芮 Ranunculus sceleratus L.

58．石龙芮（本草经）图版96：1-4
Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. pl. 551. 1753; Ledeb, Fl. Alt 2: 327. 1830; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 298. 1931; Fl. URSS. 7: 406. 1937;中国药用植物志1: 图14. 1955;东北药用植物志80, 图91. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 715,图1429. 1972.——Hecatonia palustris Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 303, 1790.
一年生草本。须根簇生。茎直立，高10-50厘米，直径2-5毫米，有时粗达1厘米，上部多分枝，具多数节，下部节上有时生根，无毛或疏生柔毛。基生叶多数；叶片肾状圆形，长1-4厘米，宽1.5-5厘米，基部心形，3深裂不达基部，裂片倒卵状楔形，不等地2-3裂，顶端钝圆，有粗圆齿，无毛；叶柄长3-15厘米，近无毛。茎生叶多数，下部叶与基生叶相似; 上部叶较小，3全裂，裂片披针形至线形，全缘，无毛，顶端钝圆，基部扩大成膜质宽鞘抱茎。聚伞花序有多数花；花小，直径4-8毫米；花梗长1-2厘米，无毛；萼片椭圆形，长2-3.5毫米，外面有短柔毛，花瓣5，倒卵形，等长或稍长于花萼，基部有短爪，蜜槽呈棱状袋穴；雄蕊10多枚，花药卵形，长约0.2毫米；花托在果期伸长增大呈圆柱形，长3-10毫米，径1-3毫米，生短柔毛。聚合果长圆形，长8-12毫米，为宽的2-3倍；瘦果极多数，近百枚，紧密排列，倒卵球形，稍扁，长1-1.2毫米，无毛，喙短至近无，长0.1-0.2毫米。花果期5月至8月。
全国各地均有分布。生于河沟边及平原湿地。在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲的亚热带至温带地区广布。
全草含原白头翁素，有毒，药用能消结核、截疟及治痈肿、疮毒、蛇毒和风寒湿痺。
本种为一年生草本，聚伞花序有多数小花，花直径4-8毫米，花托伸长被毛，瘦果小而极多，喙短，近点状，与本属各种显然有别。

《云南植物志》|| 毛茛科 Ranunculaceae ||石龙芮组 Sect. Hecatonia (Lour.) DC. ||石龙芮 Ranunculus sceleratus L.

22. 石龙芮
Ranunculus sceleratus L. (1753); Hand.-Mazz. (1939); 图鉴 (1972); 中国植物志 (1980); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 横断山区维管植物 (1993); 王文采 (1995).
一年生草本。茎高15—50厘米，无毛或疏被短柔毛，上部分枝。基生叶数枚；叶片五角形或肾形，长2—4厘米，宽2.5—5厘米，基部浅心形，3深裂，中央深裂片楔形或菱状楔形，3浅裂，浅裂片全缘或有1—2牙齿，侧生深裂片斜宽倒卵形，不等2裂，无毛或背面疏被短柔毛；叶柄长5—15厘米。下部茎生叶似基生叶，上部茎生叶具短柄，3全裂。复单歧聚伞花序顶生，伞房状；苞片叶状；花梗长达1.5厘米；花托有疏柔毛；萼片5，卵状椭圆形，长2—3毫米，背面有疏柔毛或无毛；花瓣5，倒卵形或狭倒卵形，长约4毫米，宽2毫米，顶端圆形；雄蕊10—19，花药长圆形。聚合果长圆形，长约1厘米；瘦果斜倒卵球形，长约1毫米，无毛，宿存柱头长约0.1毫米。花期3月。
产昆明、安宁、嵩明、下关、永胜、丽江、维西；生沟边、湖边、沼泽边，海拔1900—2300米。在我国海南以外的其他省区及北温带地区广布。

《Flora of China》|| Ranunculaceae || Ranunculus ||石龙芮 Ranunculus sceleratus

91. Ranunculus sceleratus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 551. 1753.

石龙芮 shi long rui

Hecatonia palustris Loureiro; Ranunculus holophyllus Hance; R. oryzetorum Bunge; R. sceleratus var. sinensis H. Léveillé.

Herbs annual. Roots fibrous, subequally thick. Stems 10--75 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, branched above. Basal leaves 5--13; petiole 1.2--15 cm, subglabrous or sparsely pubescent; blade 3-partite, pentagonal, reniform, or broadly ovate, or broadly ovate, 1--4 × 1.5--5 cm, papery or herbaceous, glabrous or abaxially puberulent, base broadly cordate, central lobe cuneate or rhombic, 3-lobed, lobules 1- or 2-denticulate or entire; lateral lobes obliquely broadly obovate or obliquely cuneate, unequally 2-lobed or 2-cleft to middle. Lower stem leaves similar to basal ones; upper stem leaves short petiolate, cuneate at base, 3-sect, segments oblanceolate. Compound monochasi um terminal, corymbose; bracts leaflike. Flowers 0.4--0.8 cm in diam. Pedicel 0.5--1.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Reeptacle puberulent or glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate-elliptic, 2--3 mm, abaxially appressed puberulent or glabrous. Petals 5, obovate, 2.2--4.5 × 1.4--2.4 mm, nectary pit without a scale, apex rounded. Stamens 10--19; anthers ellipsoid. Aggregate fruit cylindric, 3--11 × 1.5--4 mm; carpels numerous. Achene slightly bilaterally compressed, obliquely obovoid, 1--1.1 × 0.8--1 mm, glabrous, sometimes transversely 2- or 3-rugose, somewhat turgid along sutures; stigmas persistent, ca. 0.1 mm. Fl. Jan--Jul.

By streams or lakes, paddy fields, wet grassy places; 50--2300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Nepal, N Pakistan, Russia (Siberia), Thailand; SW Asia, Europe, North America].

《Flora of North America》|| Ranunculaceae || Ranunculus || Ranunculus sceleratus

61. Ranunculus sceleratus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 551. 1753.

Cursed crowsfoot, renoncule scélérate

Hecatonia scelerata (Linnaeus) Fourreau

Stems erect, glabrous, rooting at base, only very rarely rooting at proximal nodes. Leaves basal and cauline, basal and proximal cauline leaf blades reniform to semicircular in outline, 3-lobed or -parted, 1-5 × 1.6-6.8 cm, base truncate to cordate, segments usually again lobed or parted, sometimes undivided, margins crenate or crenate-lobulate, apex rounded or occasionally obtuse. Flowers: receptacle pubescent or glabrous; sepals 3-5, reflexed from or near base, 2-5 × 1-3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute; petals 3-5, 2-5 × 1-3 mm; nectary on petal surface, scale poorly developed and forming crescent-shaped or circular ridge surrounding but not covering nectary; style absent. Heads of achenes ellipsoid or cylindric heads, 5-13 × 3-7 mm; achenes 1-1.2 × 0.8-1 mm, glabrous; beak deltate, usually straight, 0.1 mm.

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora): North America; Eurasia

Ranunculus sceleratus varieties were used by the Thompson Indians as a poison for their arrow points (D. E. Moerman 1986).