《中国植物志》|| 水鳖科 HYDROCHARITACEAE ||水鳖科 HYDROCHARITACEAE ||水车前属 Ottelia Pers.

1．水车前属——Ottelia Pers.
Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 400. 1805; Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 453. 1883; Asch. u. Gurk. in Engl. u. Prant. Pflanzenf. 2 (1): 257. 1889; Dandy in Journ. Bot. 72: 132. 1934; Cook et Konig. in Aquat. Bot. 18: 264. 1984. ——Boottia Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 51. 1830.——Oligolobos Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 542. 1907. ——Xystrolobos Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 544. 1907.
一年生或多年生草本。根茎短。叶基生，有叶柄，基部具鞘；叶片带形、披针形、阔卵形、近圆形或心形，先端钝、急尖或渐尖，基部楔形、截形或心形；叶脉3-11条，平行或弧形，由细小平行横脉所连接，中脉明显凸起。花两性，若单性则雌雄异株。佛焰苞椭圆形或卵形，具6至更多条脊状凸起，有2-6条翅，有时无脊无翅，此外还常见成行的刺或瘤，内含1至多朵花，有花梗。两性花或雌花均具短梗或无梗，雄花则具较长花梗；萼片3，线形、长圆形或卵形，绿色，具膜质边缘；宿存花瓣3，圆形、长圆形、宽倒卵形或倒心形，比萼片大2-3倍，白色、黄色、紫色或其他颜色；雄蕊3-15枚，花丝线形，扁平，花药长圆形，药隔明显，药室侧裂；花粉圆球形，表面具刺状纹饰；雄花中除可育雄蕊外，常保留3枚退化雄蕊，2裂或不裂，中央亦常有退化花柱集成的球状体；子房下位，长圆形，由3、6、9个心皮组成的侧膜胎座，1室或隔成不完全的多室，胚珠多数；花柱3、6、9枚，2深裂；雌花中亦常有3枚退化雄蕊。果实长圆柱形、纺锤形或圆锥形；果皮厚，具纵棱或翅，有肉凸或肉刺，含胶质。种子多数，长圆形或纺锤形；种皮厚，有毛或无毛。
模式种：龙舌草Ottelia alismoides (Linn.) Pers.
本属约21种 (Cook, 1984) ，分布于热带、亚热带和温带。我国产4种4变种，主要分布于广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南，个别种类可分布至东北、西北地区。

《云南植物志》|| 水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae nom. conserv. ||水鳖科 Hydrocharitaceae nom. conserv. ||海菜花属 Ottelia Pers.

5．海菜花属 Ottelia Pers.
多年生水生草本植物，具短根茎。叶线形、披针形、宽卵形、近圆形、心形或肾形；叶脉平行，直伸或弧曲，有平行的横脉，中肋常明显隆起；叶柄伸长，基部鞘状。花两性或单性而雌雄异株。花葶长，腋生，螺旋状上升；佛焰苞椭圆形或卵形，具6条多少隆起的棱脊或2—10条纵翅；两性花的佛焰苞具1至数花；花单性的：雄佛焰苞具多花；雌佛焰苞具1或少数花；两性花和雌花无梗，雄花具梗；萼片3，线形、长圆形或卵形，边缘膜质，宿存；花瓣3，长圆形、圆形、宽倒卵形、倒心形，长为萼片的2—3倍，白色、黄色或其它颜色；雄蕊3数，花丝线形、扁平；花药线形或长圆形，侧向开裂；子房长圆形，上部狭，侧膜胎座3、6、9、1室，或隔成不完全的6室或9室；花柱3、6、9，2深裂；雄花具3—15枚能育雄蕊，有时保持3枚退化雄蕊，全缘或分叉，中央有由退化雄蕊集成的小球形附属体；雌花中常有3枚退化雄蕊。果长圆形、纺锤形、圆锥形、棱柱形、果皮厚，富含粘腋，外面具纵棱或翅，具疣或刺。种子多数，细小，长圆形或纺锤形，种皮厚。
约22种，其中1种广布于非洲、亚洲以及大洋洲的热带和亚热带地区，一部分种局限在非洲热带(包括马达加斯加)；一部分局限在亚洲；澳大利亚特有2种，南美巴西特有1种。整个属的分布范围在南半球30。以北和北半球40。以南，绝大多数的种散布在南北回归线之间；海拔2700米是本属分布的上限。我国有3种，云南有2种和4个变种。
本属植物大都是湖泊水面观赏植物；花葶和花序可供蔬食或作咸菜，在云南珍为海味；全草为鱼饵和饲料。同时，海菜花是水体污染物质的敏感植物，湖水一且污染较重，则易衰败灭绝。

《Flora of North America》|| Hydrocharitaceae || || Ottelia

3. Ottelia Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 400. 1805.

[Malay am ottelambel, apparently from otta, to stick to, in reference to thin leaves that stick to body, and am bel, nymphaea]

Plants annual or perennial, of fresh waters. Rhizomes and stolons absent [present]. Erect stems rooted in substrate, unbranched, short. Leaves basal, submersed [floating], petiolate; blade lanceolate to reniform [linear], base cuneate to cordate, apex rounded to acute; midvein without rows of lacunae along sides, blade uniform in color throughout; abaxial surface without prickles or aerenchyma, smooth; intravaginal squamules entire. Inflorescences scapose, long-pedunculate; spathes winged or ribbed. Flowers bisexual [unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants], sessile [staminate pedicellate], floating or occasionally opening under water; petals white to pink or light violet, often yellow at base; filaments distinct; pollen in monads; ovary 1-locular; styles 3--9, not 2-fid. Fruits oblong, ridged, dehiscing irregularly. Seeds fusiform, covered with hairs.

Species 21 (1 in flora): introduced, North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Cook, C. D. K., J.-J. Symoens, and K. Urmi-König. 1984. A revision of the genus Ottelia (Hydrocharitaceae). I1. Generic considerations. Aquatic Bot. 18: 263--274. Cook, C. D. K. and K. Urmi-König. 1984. A revision of the genus Ottelia (Hydrocharitaceae). 2. The species of Eurasia, Australasia, and America. Aquatic Bot. 20: 131--177. Holmes, W. C. 1978. Range extension for Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. (Hydrocharitaceae). Castanea 43: 193--194. Turner, C. E. 1980. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. (Hydrocharitaceae) — U.S.A., California. Madroño 27: 177.

《Flora of China》|| Hydrocharitaceae || ||海菜花属 Ottelia

2. Ottelia Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 400. 1805.

海菜花属 hai cai hua shu

Boottia Wallich; Oligolobos Gagnepain.

Herbs, freshwater. Stems usually cormlike. Leaves all basal, petiolate, usually sheathing at base; blades submerged or sometimes floating, linear to broadly ovate, 3-11-veined. Spathes elliptic or ovate, usually 2-6-winged, apex bifid or trifid, with 1 to many flowers. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious. Male flowers with longer pedicel. Bisexual and female flowers shortly pedicellate or without pedicel. Sepals 3, greenish, linear, oblong, or ovate. Petals 3, colored, orbicular to broadly obovate, much longer and wider than sepals. Stamens 3-15; filaments linear, flattened; anthers laterally dehiscent; staminodes (absent or 1-)3, often present in female flowers. Ovary of 3, 6, or 9 (or more) carpels; ovules numerous; stigmas 2 per style, linear. Fruit cylindric, fusiform, or conic. Seeds numerous, small, often hairy.

About 21 species: tropical to temperate areas; five species (two endemic) in China.