《中国植物志》|| 禾本科 GRAMINEAE ||早熟禾组 Sect. Poa ||草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis L.

6．草地早熟禾（禾本科图说）图版14：2
Poa pratensis L. Sp. Pl. 67. 1753; Stew. in Brittonia 5: 420. 1945; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 559. 1960; Davis, Fl. Turkey 9: 475. 1985;中国主要植物图说•禾本科152, 图101. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 62, 图6953, 1976; 秦岭植物志1 (1) : 81. 1976; 内蒙古植物志7: 77, 图版32. 图6-1. 1983; 北京植物志2: 1168, 图1387. 1984; 中国沙漠植物志1: 52, 图版16: 7-10. 1985; 横断山区维管植物2: 2183. 1994;中国草地饲用植物资源305. 1994;新疆植物志6: 95,图版34: 1-4. 1996.
多年生，具发达的匍匐根状茎。秆疏丛生，直立，高50-90厘米，具2-4节。叶鞘平滑或糙涩，长于其节间，并较其叶片为长；叶舌膜质，长1-2毫米，蘖生者较短；叶片线形，扁平或内卷，长30厘米左右，宽3-5毫米，顶端渐尖，平滑或边缘与上面微粗糙，蘖生叶片较狭长。圆锥花序金字塔形或卵圆形，长10-20厘米，宽3-5厘米；分枝开展，每节3-5枚，微粗糙或下部平滑，二次分枝，小枝上着生3-6枚小穗，基部主枝长5-10厘米，中部以下裸露；小穗柄较短；小穗卵圆形，绿色至草黄色，含3-4小花，长4-6毫米；颖卵圆状披针形，顶端尖，平滑，有时脊上部微粗糙，第一颖长2.5-3毫米，具1脉，第二颖长3-4毫米，具3脉；外稃膜质，顶端稍钝，具少许膜质，脊与边脉在中部以下密生柔毛，间脉明显，基盘具稠密长绵毛；第一外稃长3-3.5毫米；内秤较短于外稃，脊粗糙至具小纤毛；花药长1.5-2毫米。颖果纺锤形，具3棱，长约2毫米。花期5-6月，7-9月结实。染色体2n=50，56（Guzik 1984）， 50，58，64，66（Partenov et Dmitrieva 1985）。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、河南、山东、陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏、四川、云南、贵州、湖北、安徽、江苏、江西。生于湿润草甸、沙地、草坡，从低海拔到高海拔500-4000米山地均有。广泛分布于欧亚大陆温带和北美，为重要牧草和草坪水土保持资源，世界各地普遍引种栽植。模式标本采自欧洲。草地早熟禾是著名的无融合生殖种，种下变异幅度极大，变种类型繁多。

《云南植物志》|| 禾本科 Poaceae (Gramineae) ||早熟禾属 Poa Linn. ||草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis Linn.

56.草地早熟禾（中国主要植物图说·禾本科）图版65：8—11
Poa pratensis Linn. (1753); 中国主要植物图说•禾本科 (1959)*; Bor (1960, 1970); 秦岭植物志 (1976)*; Tsvelev (1976, 1983); Edmondson in Tutin et al. (1980).
多年生草本，有匍匐根茎。秆常成疏丛，直立或基部膝曲斜升，光滑，圆柱形，高20—50（—90）厘米，径粗1—2毫米，具2—4节，上部节间长10—20厘米。叶鞘光滑无毛或稍粗糙，秆生者常短于节间，常闭合至中部；叶舌膜质，长1—2毫米，先端钝圆，边缘下延；叶片扁平或折叠，长3—20（—30）厘米，宽2—4（—6）毫米，先端突然收缩而成凤帽状，绿色。圆锥花序卵形至金字塔形或长圆形，长5—15（—20）厘米，直立或先端稍下垂，每节常具3—5个分枝；分枝细弱或稍粗状，开展，常曲折，上部稍粗糙，着生小枝及小穗，下部裸露，基部主枝长3—6（—9）厘米。小穗长圆形或卵形，常带紫色，含3—6小花，长4—7毫米；颖不等长，第一颖卵状披针形，长2—3毫米，具1脉，第二颖卵形或椭圆形，长2—4毫米，具3脉；外稃长圆形或长圆状卵形，长3—4.5毫米，先端钝或亚急尖，脊与边脉在中部以下有长柔毛，基盘具有较多的白色长柔毛，第一外稃长3—3.5毫米；内稃与外稃等长，脊上稍粗糙；花药长1.3—2毫米。
产中甸、德钦、维西、兰坪、剑川；生于海拔2300—3600米山坡道旁、林缘或疏林下。分布于西藏、四川、西北、华北及东北。广布旧大陆温带。
本种与细叶早熟禾及高山早熟禾等种是一个很自然的种群，其成员之间的界线不太明显，《欧洲植物志》（1980）的观点可以接受。

《Flora of China》|| Poaceae || Poa ||草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis

21. Poa pratensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753.

草地早熟禾 cao di zao shu he

Poa florida N. R. Cui.

Perennials, loosely tufted or with isolated shoots, strongly rhizomatous, often forming turf; shoots extra- and often intravaginal. Plants green to pale or yellowish green, or purplish to strongly grayish glaucous. Culms 10–120 cm, 1–2.5 mm in diam., erect or decumbent, 1 to several per tuft, smooth, nodes (1–)2–4, 1 or 2 exserted. Leaf sheaths moderately compressed and keeled, uppermost closed for (1/4–)1/3–2/5 of length, smooth or infrequently retrorsely scabrid or pilulose; blades flat or folded, papery to thickly papery, 1–5 mm wide, surfaces smooth or sparsely scabrid, margins scabrid, adaxially glabrous or frequently sparsely hispidulous to strigulose, of tillers, flat or folded with margins inrolled, intravaginal ones when present often folded, 0.5–2 mm wide, extravaginal ones flat or folded (1–)1.5–5 mm wide; ligule whitish, 0.5–4(–5) mm, abaxially nearly smooth to densely scabrid, apex truncate to rounded, often finely scabrid to ciliolate or pilulose. Panicle loosely contracted to open, oblong to broadly pyramidal, erect or slightly lax, (2–)5–20(–25) cm, longest internodes 1–4.2 cm; branches steeply ascending to widely spreading, (2–)3–5(–9) per node, rounded or distally angled, nearly smooth to distally scabrid with hooks on and between angles, longest branch 1.5–5(–10) cm with (3–)7–18 spikelets in distal 1/3–2/3, sometimes clustered distally. Spikelets ovate, green or grayish, frequently purple tinged, 3–7(–9) mm, florets 2–5(–9); vivipary absent in China; rachilla internodes 0.5–1(–1.2) mm, smooth, glabrous (rarely sparsely pilulose); glumes subequal, strongly keeled, keels and sometimes lateral veins dorsally scabrid, first glume 1.5–3(–4) mm. 1–3-veined, upper glume 2–4 mm, 3(or 5)-veined; lemmas ovate to lanceolate (or narrowly lanceolate), 2.5–4(–5) mm, apex slightly obtuse to acuminate, keel villous for 3/4 of length, marginal veins to 1/2 length, intermediate veins prominent, glabrous (rarely sparsely pilulose), glabrous between veins, minutely bumpy, sparsely scabrid distally; callus webbed, hairs as long as lemma, frequently with less well-developed tufts from below marginal veins; palea usually narrow, glabrous or with sparse hooks, usually minutely bumpy, glabrous between keels, keels scabrid, infrequently medially pilulose in subsp. pruinosa. Anthers (1.2–)1.4–2.5(–2.8) mm, infrequently poorly formed, but not vestigial. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28–144.

Temperate to arctic, moderately moist to wet conditions, from coastal meadows to forest shade, to alpine and tundra, often in disturbed sites; 500–4400 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, Pacific Islands, South America].

Poa pratensis is a valuable species for soil stabilization and forage. Its taxonomy is complicated by the occurrence of facultative apomixis and an extensive polyploid series. It comprises many local and variable, widespread races. It is possible to recognize the widespread forms as subspecies, but there are many intermediates between them that do not fit well and we can only treat them as P. pratensis s.l. The type of P. florida appears to belong to this species, but has many more florets per spikelet (6–9) than is usual.