《中国植物志》|| 壳斗科 FAGACEAE ||锥属 Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach ||瓦山锥 Castanopsis ceratacantha Rehd. & E. H. Wils.

55. 瓦山锥 刺栗子（四川），瓦山栲、黄山栲 图版20: 1-5
Castanopsis ceratacantha Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 199. 1916; A. Camus, Chataig. 391, f. 11. 1929, Atlas pl. 51, f. 1-6. 1928; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 28. 1929; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 185. 1937; Fang, Ic. Pl. Omeien. pl. 115. 1945; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 415. 图830. 1972及补编1: 112. 1982. Castanopsis chuniana Fang, Ic. Pl. Omeien. 2(1) pl. 116. 1945.
乔木，通常高8-15米，芽两侧压扁状，外脊被短伏毛，当年生枝及花序轴被黄或淡棕色略扩展的长柔毛，二年生枝及果序轴无毛，散生多数稍凸起的皮孔，一、二年生枝暗褐色，很少略带苍灰色。叶略呈硬纸质，披针形，长圆形，有时兼有倒披针形，长10-18厘米，宽2-5厘米，稀较短或更宽，顶部长渐尖或短突尖，基部阔楔形或短尖，常一侧稍弯斜，叶缘近顶部有2-5浅裂齿或兼有全缘叶；叶面中脉凹陷，侧脉或微凹陷，或微浮凸，每边13-17条，稀较少，支脉纤细，尚可见，当年生叶叶背被略扩展的长柔毛，或至少沿中、侧脉被较长的柔毛，其余被早脱落的短毛，兼有棕红色或棕黄色蜡鳞层，二年生叶的叶背多少带灰白色；叶柄长稀达1厘米。雄穗状花序常单穗生于新枝的基部；雌花序多穗位于去年生枝的上部或顶部，每壳斗有花3或2朵，花柱3，有时2枚。壳斗近圆球形，或宽稍过于高，或反之，连刺横径达30毫米，刺多条连生至中部或近顶部成刺束，有时呈鸡冠状，刺及壳壁被棕色长柔毛及细片状蜡鳞，壳斗外壁多少外露，成熟坚果2或1、稀3个，宽圆锥形，常一侧面平坦，被伏毛，果脐位于坚果底部。
产云南、贵州、四川西南部。生于海拔1 500-2 500 米山地疏或密林中。老挝、泰国东北部也有分布。模式标本采自四川峨边瓦山。

《云南植物志》|| 壳斗科 Fagaceae ||栲属 Castanopsis Spach ||瓦山栲 Castanopsis ceratacantha Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg.

24．瓦山栲 图版76，1—6
长刺锥栗
Castanopsis ceratacantha Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. (1916); A. Camus (1929); 陈嵘 (1937); 图鉴 (1972)*; 徐、任 (1975)*.
C. ceratacantha R. et W. var. semiserrata Hick. et A. Camus (1930.).
乔木，高达25米。小枝密被灰色柔毛或近无毛。叶长卵状或倒卵状披针形，长9—16厘米，宽2.5—5.5厘米，顶端渐尖或尾尖，基部楔形或近圆形，边缘上部有1-5对钝锯齿，稀全缘，背面密生灰色鳞秕和短柔毛，幼叶背面褐色，侧脉10—14对；叶柄长0.5—1.2（－2）厘米。雄花序穗状；每1总苞内有3朵雌花。果序长10—20厘米，轴被毛或后渐脱落。总苞近球形，顶部破裂，连刺直径2－3厘米，被黄棕色短毛；苞片针刺形，疏生，刺长7－10毫米，中部以下常结合成扁刺轴，排成间断的2－3环。坚果1—2个，圆锥形或一侧扁平，直径0.9—1.4厘米，密被绒毛，果脐比坚果基部小。花期5月，果熟期翌年8—10月。
产勐海、思茅、澜沧、蒙自、麻栗坡、富宁等地；常生于海拔1900—2500米处。贵州、四川、广西等省区均有分布。

《Flora of China》|| Fagaceae || Castanopsis ||瓦山栲 Castanopsis ceratacantha

51. Castanopsis ceratacantha Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 199. 1916.

瓦山栲 wa shan zhui

Castanopsis chuniana W. P. Fang.

Trees 8-15 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown to brownish villous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or sometimes oblanceolate, 10-18 × 2-5 cm or rarely shorter or wider, papery, 1st-year leaf blades at least along veins abaxially villous and with layers of reddish brown to yellowish brown scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to acute and oblique, margin apically with 2-5 shallow teeth or entire, apex long acuminate to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed to raised. Female inflorescences in clusters on apical part of branchlet of previous year; flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose, ca. 3 cm in diam., outside and bracts brown villous and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, to 5 mm, several connate into bundles from middle or apical part, sometimes cristate. Nuts 1 or 2(or 3) per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.4-1.8 cm, pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. autumn to early winter of following year.

Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen forests; 1500-2500 m. Guizhou, Hubei, SW Sichuan, Yunnan [Laos, NE Thailand, Vietnam]