《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||天门冬族 Asparageae ||天门冬属 Asparagus L.

55.天门冬属——Asparagus L.
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 313. 1753; et Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 147. 1754.——Asparagopsis Kunth, Abh. Akad. Berl. 35. 1842.
多年生草本或半灌木，直立或攀援，常具粗厚的根状茎和稍肉质的根，有时有纺 锤状的块根。小枝近叶状，称叶状枝，扁平、锐三稜形或近圆柱形而有几条稜或槽，常 多枚成簇；在茎、分枝和叶状枝上有时有透明的乳突状细齿，叫软骨质齿。叶退化成 鳞片状，基部多少延伸成距或刺。花小，每1-4朵腋生或多朵排成总状花序或伞形花 序，两性或单性，有时杂性，在单性花中雄花具退化雌蕊，雌花具6枚退化雄蕊；花梗 一般有关节；花被钟形、宽圆筒形或近球形；花被片离生，少有基部稍合生；雄蕊着生 于花被片基部，通常内藏，花丝全部离生或部分贴生于花被片上；花药矩圆形、卵形或 圆形，基部二裂，背着或近背着，内向纵裂；花柱明显，柱头3裂；子房3室，每室2至 多个胚珠。浆果较小，球形，基部有宿存的花被片，有1至几颗种子。
约有300种，除美洲外，全世界温带至热带地区都有分布。我国有24种和一些外 来栽培种，广布于全国各地。

《云南植物志》|| 假叶树科 Ruscaceae ||假叶树科 Ruscaceae ||天门冬属 Asparagus L.

1.天门冬属 Asparagus L.
多年生草本或亚灌木，直立或攀援；根状茎常较粗厚；根稍肉质，多分枝，常在中部或基部膨大成纺锤形的块根。小枝近叶状，称叶状枝，扁平，锐三棱形或近圆柱形而具棱或槽，通常多枚成簇，在茎、分枝和叶状枝上有时具透明的乳突状细齿，称软骨质齿。叶退化成鳞片状，基部多少延伸成距或刺。花小，1—4朵成束腋生或多朵排成总状花序或伞形花序，两性或单性，有时杂性，在单性花中雄花具退化雌蕊，雌花具6枚退化雄蕊；花梗一般有关节；花被钟形、宽圆筒形或近球形；花被片离生或基部稍合生；雄蕊着生于花被片基部，通常内藏，花丝全部离生或部分贴生于花被片上；花药长圆形、卵圆或圆形，基部2裂，背着或近背着，内向纵裂；花柱明显，柱头3裂；子房3室，每室2至多个胚珠。浆果球形，基部有宿存的花被片，有种子1或数枚。
约有300种（Mabberley，1990仅承认50—60种），旧大陆广布。我国有24种或一些外来栽培种；云南13种，其中3个栽培种。
近年来多因 Asparagus L．花丝不合生成管，独立为一科，即天门冬科 Asparagaceae。

《Flora of China》|| Liliaceae || ||天门冬属 Asparagus

41. Asparagus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 313. 1753.

天门冬属 tian men dong shu

Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Kamilla G. Tamanian

Herbs perennial or subshrubs, dioecious or hermaphroditic, usually with short rhizomes. Main stems erect or climbing, generally branched, with cladodes (leaflike stems) in axils of main stems and branches. Cladodes borne in clusters, rarely solitary, green, flat, 3-angled, or subterete. Leaves appressed to stem, not green, scalelike, base spurred, spurs often extended into spines. Inflorescence an axillary cluster of flowers, rarely a solitary flower, sometimes a raceme or umbel. Pedicel articulate, subtended by membranous bracteoles. Perianth campanulate or subglobose; segments free or occasionally connate at base. Stamens 6; filaments usually adnate to perianth segments in varying degrees; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules few per locule. Fruit a berry. Seeds 1 to few.

Between 160 and 300 species: widespread in temperate and tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe; 31 species (15 endemic, two introduced) in China.

《Flora of North America》|| Liliaceae || || Asparagus

35. Asparagus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 313. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 147. 1754.

Asparagus-fern, asperge, espárrago [Greek asparasso, to rip, alluding to the spiny leaves of some species]

Gerald B. Straley† & Frederick H. Utech

Herbs, shrubs, or vines, perennial, from rhizomes, usually with fusiform tubers, often with fernlike appearance. Stems photosynthetic, erect, spreading or climbing, branched; cladophylls solitary or fasciculate, in nodes of reduced, scarious leaves. Leaves small, scale-like, membranous, or sometimes spiny with hardened base, subtending cladophylls. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose, or umbellate, paired or solitary; racemes short. Flowers bisexual or unisexual; perianth greenish, white, or yellowish, campanulate to rotate; tepals 6, distinct or shortly connate basally, equal; stamens 6, distinct, equal; anthers versatile, 2-locular, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, 3-locular, septal nectaries present; style 3-branched distally; pedicel with conspicuous joint. Fruits baccate, red or purplish black, globose, often with tepals persisting at base. Seeds 1–6, black, globose to angular. x = 10.

Species 170–300 (4 in the flora): introduced; Europe, Asia, Africa; some widely introduced, expected elsewhere.

Asparagus is a moderately important horticultural genus, with one species commonly grown for its edible young shoots and a number of others grown ornamentally. The genus is treated here in a broad sense (K. Kubitzki and P. J. Rudall 1998; W. S. Judd 2001) and encompasses species that have been segregated in several genera (A. L. Takhtajan 1997; S. T. Malcomber and Sebsebe D. 1993). Embryological features (P. J. Rudall et al. 1998) and DNA-based analyses (M. W. Chase et al. 1996; M. F. Fay et al. 2000; P. J. Rudall et al. 1997) support the monophyly of Asparagus and the Asparagaceae.

Asparagus virgatus Baker has been collected once as a garden escape in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, but it is probably not truly naturalized in the flora. Asparagus falcatus Linnaeus occasionally persists after cultivation in the Miami–Dade County area of southern Florida (W. S. Judd 2001).

SELECTED REFERENCES

Cooney-Sovetts, C. and R. Sattler. 1986. Phylloclade development in the Asparagaceae: An example of homoeosis. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 94: 327–371. Jessop, J. P. 1966. The genus Asparagus in southern Africa. Bothalia 9: 31–96. Malcomber, S. T. and Sebsebe D. 1993. The status of Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum in the Asparagaceae. Kew Bull. 48: 63–78.