《中国植物志》|| 卫矛科 CELASTRACEAE ||南蛇藤族 TRIB. CELASTREAE ||南蛇藤属 Celastrus L.

4.南蛇藤属Celastrus L.
L. Gen. Pl. ed I. 59. 1737; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 364. 1862; Loes. in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (5): 205. 1896; et ed. 1942, 20B: 131. 1942; D. Hou in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 42: 215. 1955;侯宽昭, 中国种子植物科属辞典, 修订版, 93. 1982. ——Monocelastrus Wang et Tang,植物分类学报1 (2): 134. 1951.
落叶或常绿藤状灌木，高1-10米以上；小枝圆柱状，稀具纵棱，除幼期及个别种外，通常光滑无毛，具多数明显长椭圆形或圆形灰白色皮孔。单叶互生，边缘具各种锯齿，叶脉为羽状网脉；托叶小，线形，常早落。花通常功能性单性，异株或杂性，稀两性，聚伞花序成圆锥状或总状，有时单出或分枝，腋生或顶生，或顶生与腋生并存；花黄绿色或黄白色，直径6-8毫米，小花梗具关节；花5数；花萼钟状，5片，三角形、半圆形或长方形；花瓣椭圆形或长方形，全缘或具腺状缘毛或为啮蚀状；花盘膜质，浅杯状，稀肉质扁平，全缘或5浅裂；雄蕊着生花盘边缘．稀出自扁平花盘下面，花丝一般丝状，在雌花中花丝短，花药不育；子房上位，与花盘离生，稀微连合，通常3室稀1室，每室2胚珠或1胚珠，着生子房室基部，胚珠基部具杯状假种皮，柱头3裂，每裂常又2裂，在雄花中雌蕊小而不育。蒴果类球状，通常黄色，顶端常具宿存花柱，基部有宿存花萼，熟时室背开裂；果轴宿存；种子1-6个，椭圆状或新月形到半圆形，假种皮肉质红色，全包种子，胚直立，具丰富胚乳。
属模式：美洲南蛇藤Celastrus scandens L.
本属30余种，分布于亚洲、大洋洲、南北美洲及马达加斯加的热带及亚热带地区。我国约有24种和2变种，除青海、新疆尚未见记载外，各省区均有分布，而长江以南为最多。1951年汪发缵和唐进将独子藤C. monospermus Roxb.自本属中提出另立独子藤属Monocelastrus Wang et Tang, 但后者主要特征不能与南蛇藤断然划分清楚，如：新属之花盘肉质雄蕊着生其下，而原属中的苦皮藤C. angulatus Maxim.也是如此。新属具有一个种子，而原属中的青江藤C. hindsii Benth.也只具一个种子，故仍以列入本属较宜。
本属下分二亚属：南蛇藤亚属Subgen. Celastrus和总序南蛇藤亚属Subgen. Racemocelastrus D. Hou, 后者我国不产。南蛇藤亚属下分3组: 圆锥组Sect. Celastrus, 腋花组Sect. Axillares C. Y. Cheng et T. C. Kao,和独子藤组Sect. Sempervirentes C. Y. Cheng et T. C. Kao.

《云南植物志》|| 卫矛科 Celastraceae ||卫矛科 Celastraceae ||南蛇藤属 Celastrus L.

4.南蛇藤属 Celastrus L.
落叶，稀常绿，藤状灌木或木质藤本；小枝圆柱形，实心，稀中空，皮孔显著。叶互生，具锯齿或近全缘；托叶小，通常条裂，早落。聚伞圆锥花序或总状花序，稀单生，腋生或顶生；花单性异株或两性，稀杂性；花萼钟形，4-5裂，宿存；花瓣5，着生于花盘下，与花萼裂片互生；雄蕊5，着生于花盘边缘，花丝短，花药丁字着，侧向或内向；花盘膜质，杯状或肉质扁平，全缘或5裂；子房与花盘分离，或仅基部稍愈合，完全或不完全3室，每室1-2胚珠，花柱短，柱头通常3裂。蒴果近球形，室背开裂成3果爿；种子被桔红色肉质假种皮完全包被，胚乳丰富，子叶薄匙形。
约50种，产东南亚，澳大利亚和美洲。我国有24种，除青海、新疆沿未有记载外，全国各省区均有分布；云南有18种，全省各地均产。

《Flora of North America》|| Celastraceae || || Celastrus

5. Celastrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 91. 1754.

Bittersweet [Greek kelastros, ancient name for holly, Ilex aquifolium] Bittersweet [Greek kelastros, ancient name for holly, Ilex aquifolium]

Jinshuang Ma

Geoffrey A. Levin

Vines, <twining, polygamodioecious>. Branchlets terete. Leaves deciduous [persistent], alternate; stipules present; petiole present; blade margins denticulate; venation pinnate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, panicles or cymes [racemes]. Flowers bisexual and unisexual, radially symmetric; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 5, distinct; petals 5, white or greenish white; nectary intrastaminal, fleshy. Bisexual flowers: stamens 5, free from and inserted under nectary; staminodes 0; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, 3-locular; placentation axile; style 1; stigmas 3; ovules 2 per locule. Staminate flowers: stamens 5; free from and inserted under nectary; staminodes 0; pistillode present. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 5, alternate with petals, undivided, not gland-tipped, <minute>; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, 3-locular, placentation axile; style 1; stigmas 3; ovules 2 per locule. Fruits capsules, 3-locular, globose or subglobose, 3-lobed distally, apex not beaked. Seeds [1–]2 per locule, ellipsoid, not winged; aril red, completely surrounding seed. x = 23.

Species ca. 30 (2 in the flora): North America, e Asia; primarily tropics and subtropics, some temperate regions.

SELECTED REFERENCES Hou, D. 1955. A revision of the genus Celastrus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 42: 215–302. Leicht-Young, S. A. et al. 2007. Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134: 441–450. Pooler, M. R., R. L. Dix, and J. Feely. 2002. Interspecific hybridizations between the native bittersweet, Celastrus scandens, and the introduced invasive species, C. orbiculatus. SouthE. Naturalist 1: 69–76.

《Flora of China》|| Celastraceae || ||南蛇藤属 Celastrus

4. Celastrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753.

南蛇藤属 nan she teng shu

Authors: Zhixiang Zhang & Michele Funston

Monocelastrus F. T. Wang & T. Tang.

Scandent to twining shrubs, deciduous or evergreen, glabrous or pubescent, with oblong or circular gray lenticels; bud scales imbricate. Leaves alternate, subentire or serrate; stipules small, linear, deciduous. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, cymose, thyrsoid, or flowers solitary. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual, rarely dioecious, 5-merous, greenish or yellowish white. Disk membranous or fleshy, annular to cupuliform, entire or slightly 5-lobed, intrastaminal; anthers longitudinally dehiscent, introrse. Ovary 3-locular, separate from or slightly adnate to disk; ovules erect, 1 or 2 per locule. Capsule globose, yellowish, leathery, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds 1-6, ellipsoid, enclosed in aril; aril carnose, red to orange-red.

About 30 species: tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones of Asia, Australia, and North and South America, as well as Madagascar; 25 species (16 endemic) in China.

This genus is divided into two subgenera: Celastrus subg. Celastrus and C. subg. Racemocelastrus Ding Hou; the latter does not occur in China.