《中国植物志》|| 葡萄科 VITACEAE ||葡萄属 Vitis L. ||葡萄 Vitis vinifera L.

28.葡萄（神农本草经）蒲陶（汉书），草龙珠（本草纲目），赐紫樱桃（群芳谱），菩提子（亨利氏植物名录），山葫芦（山东）
Vitis vinifera L. Fl. Sp. 293. 1753; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 23: 136. 1886 p. p. ; Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 355. 1887; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 311. f. 210 a-r. 1909; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学755. 图641. 1937. p. p.; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees & Shrubs. ed. 2. 610. 1940; Suesseng. in Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 20d: 294. f. 82: G-M. 1953; 东北木本植物图志410. 1955; 广州植物志421. 1956; 胡先骕, 经济植物手册下册956. 1957; 江苏南部种子植物手册478.图779. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 769.图3268. 1972; 俞德浚, 中国果树分类学176. 1979; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 87. 1979 in clavi; 内蒙古植物志4: 77.图版36: 1-3. 1979; 秦岭植物志1 (3) : 264. 1981; 江苏植物志下册471. 图1509. 1982; 北京植物志上册559.图706. 1984; 西藏植物志3: 223. 1986; 河北植物志2: 114.图1017. 1988; 河南植物志2: 596.图1552. 1988; 福建植物志3: 367.图256. 1988.
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形，有纵棱纹，无毛或被稀疏柔毛。卷须2叉分枝，每隔2节间断与叶对生。叶卵圆形，显著3-5浅裂或中裂，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，中裂片顶端急尖，裂片常靠合，基部常缢缩，裂缺狭窄，间或宽阔，基部深心形，基缺凹成圆形，两侧常靠合，边缘有22-27个锯齿，齿深而粗大，不整齐，齿端急尖，上面绿色，下面浅绿色，无毛或被疏柔毛；基生脉5出，中脉有侧脉4-5对，网脉不明显突出；叶柄长4-9厘米，几无毛；托叶早落。圆锥花序密集或疏散，多花，与叶对生，基部分枝发达，长10-20厘米，花序梗长2-4厘米，几无毛或疏生蛛丝状绒毛；花梗长1.5-2.5毫米，无毛；花蕾倒卵圆形，高2-3毫米，顶端近圆形；萼浅碟形，边缘呈波状，外面无毛；花瓣5，呈帽状粘合脱落；雄蕊5，花丝丝状，长0.6-1毫米，花药黄色，卵圆形，长0.4-0.8毫米，在雌花内显著短而败育或完全退化；花盘发达，5浅裂；雌蕊1，在雄花中完全退化，子房卵圆形，花柱短，柱头扩大。果实球形或椭圆形，直径1.5-2厘米；种子倒卵椭圆形，顶短近圆形，基部有短喙，种脐在种子背面中部呈椭圆形，种脊微突出，腹面中棱脊突起，两侧洼穴宽沟状，向上达种子1/4处。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
我国各地栽培。原产亚洲西部，现世界各地栽培，为著名水果，生食或制葡萄干，并酿酒，酿酒后的酒脚可提酒食酸，根和藤药用能止呕、安胎。

《云南植物志》|| 葡萄科 Vitaceae ||葡萄属 Vitis L. ||葡萄 Vitis vinifera L.

9. 葡萄（神农本草经）
蒲陶（汉书），草龙珠（本草纲目），赐紫樱桃（群芳谱），菩提子（亨利氏植物名录），山葫芦（山东）
Vitis vinifera L. (1753); Planch. in DC. (1887); 图鉴 (1972)*; 俞德浚 (1979); 王文采 (1979), in clavi; 西藏植物志 (1986); 中国植物志 (1998).
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形，有纵棱纹，无毛或被稀疏柔毛。卷须2叉分枝，每隔2节间断与叶对生。叶卵圆形，显著3—5浅裂或中裂，长7—18厘米，宽6—16厘米，中裂片顶端急尖，裂片常靠合，基部常缢缩，裂缺狭窄，间或宽阔，基部深心形，基缺凹成圆形，两侧常靠合，边缘有22—27个锯齿，齿深而粗大，不整齐，齿端急尖，上面绿色，下面浅绿色，无毛或被疏柔毛；基生脉5出，中脉有侧脉4—5对，网脉不明显突出；叶柄长4—9厘米，几无毛；托叶早落。圆锥花序密集或疏散，多花，与叶对生，基部分枝发达，长10—20厘米，花序梗长2—4厘米，几无毛或疏生蛛丝状绒毛；花梗长1.5—2.5毫米，无毛；花蕾倒卵圆形，高2—3毫米，顶端圆形近楔形；萼浅碟形，边缘呈波状，外面无毛；花瓣5，呈帽状粘合脱落；雄蕊5，花丝丝状，长0.6—1毫米，花药黄色，卵圆形，长0.4—0.8毫米，在雌花内显着短而败育或完全退化；花盘发达，5浅裂；雌蕊1，在雄花中完全退化，子房卵圆形，花柱短，柱头扩大。果实球形或椭圆形、直径1.5—2厘米；种子倒卵椭圆形，顶短近圆形，基部有短喙，种脐在种子背面中部呈椭圆形，种脊微突出，腹面中棱脊突起，两侧洼穴宽沟状，向上达种子1／4处。花期4—5月，果期8—9月。
云南部分地区栽培。原产亚洲西部，现世界各地栽培，为著名水果，根和藤药用能止呕、安胎。

《Flora of China》|| Vitaceae || Vitis ||葡萄 Vitis vinifera

27. Vitis vinifera Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 202. 1753.

葡萄 pu tao

Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous or sparsely pilose; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves simple, conspicuously 3-5-lobed or cleft; stipules caducous; petiole 4-9 cm, nearly glabrous; leaf blade oval, 7-18 × 6-16 cm, basal veins 5, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, veinlets inconspicuously raised, base deeply cordate, notch rounded, 2 sides usually overlapping to nearly so, margin 22-27-toothed on each side, teeth large, irregular, and sharp, glabrous or sparsely pilose, apex of midlobes acute. Panicle sparse or dense, opposite to leaves, basal branches well developed, 10-20 cm; peduncle 2-4 cm, glabrous or with sparse arachnoid tomentum. Pedicel 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous. Buds obovoid, 2-3 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous, undulate. Filaments filiform, 0.6-1 mm; anthers yellow, oval, 0.4-0.8 mm. Pistil entirely abortive in male flowers; ovary oval; style short; stigma expanded. Berry globose or elliptic, 1.5-2 cm in diam. Seeds obovoid to obelliptic, apex subrounded, chalazal knot elliptic, raphe slightly raised, ventral holes broadly furrowed upward ca. 1/4 from base. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 38*.

Cultivated throughout China for grapes and wine-making [native to SW Asia and SE Europe].

《Flora of North America》|| Vitaceae || || Vitis vinifera

2. Vitis vinifera Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 202. 1753.
[I]

Wine grape, grape of commerce Wine grape, grape of commerce

Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. Branches: bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. Leaves: stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. Inflorescences 10–20 cm. Flowers bisexual. Berries usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. 2n = 38, 76.

Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. Riparian areas, disturbed sites; 0–1200 m; introduced; B.C.; Calif., Idaho, Mass., N.H., N.Y., Oreg., Pa., Wash.; Europe; introduced widely.

Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars.