《云南植物志》|| 菊科 Compositae ||蒿属 Artemisia L. ||五月艾 Artemisia indica Willd.

24. 五月艾 (植物研究) 图版72：1-5
野艾蒿 (植物名实图考) ，生艾 (中国植物志) ，白蒿 (中国植物志) ，黑蒿 (云南俗称) 、狭叶艾 (南方俗称)
Artemisia indica Willd. (1800); Bess. (1834), incl. var. multiflora Wall. ex Bess., var. nepalensis Bess. et var. heyneana Wall. ex Bess; 中国植物志 (1991)*; 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
Artemisia leptostachya Don Prodr. (1825); A. grata Wall. ex Bess. (1834), p. p.; A. moxa DC. Prodr. (1837), p. p., quoad pl. As. Or.; A. asiatica Nakai ex Pamp. (1929) pro syn.; A. pleiocephala Pamp. var. grandis Pamp. (1939); A. vulgaris auct. non Linn., quoad pl. Austr.-Or. Asiatic.: Bess. (1834). incl. var. vulgatissima Bess.; 江苏南部种子植物手册 (1959), p. p.; A. dubia auct. non Wall. ex Bess., quoad pl. Austr.-Or. Asiatic.: Pamp. (1926); A. myriantha auct. non Wall. ex Bess.: 西藏植物志 (1985).
半灌木状草本，植株具浓烈的香气。茎单生或少数，高80-150厘米，褐色或上部微带红色，纵棱明显，分枝多；茎、枝初时微有短柔毛，后脱落。叶上面初时被灰白色或淡灰黄色绒毛，后渐稀疏或无毛，背面密被灰白色蛛丝状绒毛；基生叶与茎下部叶卵形或长卵形， (一至) 二回羽状全裂或近于大头羽状深裂，每侧裂片3-4枚，裂片椭圆形，有时中轴有狭翅，具短叶柄；中部叶卵形、长卵形或椭圆形，长5-8厘米，宽3-5厘米，一 (至二) 回羽状全裂或为大头羽状深裂，每侧裂片3 (-4) 枚，裂片椭圆状披针形、线状披针形或线形，长1-2厘米，宽3-5毫米，不再分裂或有1-2枚深或浅裂齿，边不反卷或微反卷；上部叶羽状全裂；苞片叶3全裂或不分裂。头状花序卵形、长卵形或宽卵形，多数，直径2-2.5毫米，具短梗及小苞叶，直立，花后斜展或下垂，在分枝上排成穗状花序式的总状花序或复总状花序；总苞片3-4层，背面初时微被灰白色绒毛，后渐脱落无毛。雌花4-8朵；两性花8-12朵，花冠檐部紫色。瘦果长圆形或倒卵形。花果期8-10月。
云南全省分布，尤其中、低海拔地区常见。除新疆、宁夏、青海等省区外，几乎遍及全国；生于中、低海拔地区路旁、林缘、坡地及灌丛处。亚洲东部、南部，大洋洲及美洲也有。
入药，作艾 (家艾) 的代用品，有清热、解毒、止血、消炎等作用。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Artemisia ||五月艾 Artemisia indica

77. Artemisia indica Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 1846. 1803.

五月艾 wu yue ai

Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, 80-150 cm tall, much branched, sparsely puberulent or glabrescent. Leaves shortly petiolate or ± sessile; leaf blade abaxially densely gray arachnoid tomentose, adaxially gray or yellowish tomentose or glabrescent. Lowermost leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6-12 × 3-8 cm, (1 or)2-pinnatipartite; distal lobes larger; segments 3 or 4 pairs, winged at midvein. Middle stem leaves ovate, oblong-ovate, or elliptic, 5-8 × 3-5 cm, (1 or)2-pinnatipartite; segments 3(or 4) pairs; distal lobe larger; lobes elliptic-lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or linear, 10-20 × 3-5 mm; lobules deeply serrate, acute or acuminate apically. Uppermost leaves pinnatipartite; leaflike bracts 3-lobed or entire. Capitula sessile or inconspicuously pedunculate, ± erect, remote in broadly conical, almost leafless panicle with obliquely spreading, up to 18 cm long branches. Involucre ovoid, oblong-ovoid, or broadly ovoid, 3-4 × ca. 2 mm; phyllaries puberulent to glabrous. Florets 15-20, yellowish, all fertile. Marginal female florets 4-10; corolla tubular, ± glandular, 2-toothed. Disk florets 8-12, bisexual, basally glandular. Achenes brown, oblong or obovoid, ca. 1.25 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct.

Roadsides, forest margins, slopes, shrublands; low elevations to 2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, SE Nei Mongol, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Philippines, N Thailand, Vietnam; North and Central America, Oceania].