《中国植物志》|| 蔷薇科 ROSACEAE ||单花系 Ser. Anserinae (Wolf) Yu et Li ||蕨麻 Potentilla anserina L.

26.蕨麻 人参果，延寿草，蕨麻委陵菜（秦岭植物志），莲花菜，鹅绒委陵菜（中国高等植物图鉴）
Potentilla anserina L. Sp. Pl. 495. 1753; Wolf in Bibl. Bot. 71:669. 1908: 东北植物检索表154. 图版47.图5. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 300. 图2330. 1972; 秦岭植物志1(2): 549. 图458. 1974; 内蒙古植物志3: 98. 图版51. 图1-3. 1977. ——P. anscrina L. f. incisa Wolf in. Sitzber. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. 25:39. 1903.
多年生草本。根向下延长，有时在根的下部长成纺锤形或椭圆形块根。茎匍匐，在节处生根，常着地长出新植株，外被伏生或半开展疏柔毛或脱落几无毛。基生叶为间断羽状复叶，有小叶6-11对，连叶柄长2-20厘米，叶柄被伏生或半开展疏柔毛，有时脱落几无毛。小叶对生或互生，无柄或顶生小叶有短柄，最上面一对小叶基部下延与叶轴汇合，基部小叶渐小呈附片状；小叶片通常椭圆形，倒卵椭圆形或长椭圆形，长1-2.5厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，顶端圆钝，基部楔形或阔楔形，边缘有多数尖锐锯齿或呈裂片状，上面绿色，被疏柔毛或脱落几无毛，下面密被紧贴银白色绢毛，叶脉明显或不明显，茎生叶与基生叶相似，惟小叶对数较少；基生叶和下部茎生叶托叶膜质，褐色，和叶柄连成鞘状，外面被疏柔毛或脱落几无毛，上部茎生叶托叶草质，多分裂。单花腋生；花梗长2.5-8厘米，被疏柔毛；花直径1.5-2厘米；萼片三角卵形，顶端急尖或渐尖，副萼片椭圆形或椭圆披针形，常2-3裂稀不裂，与副萼片近等长或稍短；花瓣黄色，倒卵形、顶端圆形，比萼片长1倍；花柱侧生，小枝状，柱头稍扩大。
产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、四川、云南、西藏。生河岸、路边、山坡草地及草甸，海拔500-4100米。本种分布较广，横跨欧亚美三洲北半球温带，以及南美智利、大洋洲新西兰及塔斯马尼亚岛等地。
在甘肃、青海、西藏高寒地区，根部膨大，含丰富淀粉，市称“蕨麻”或“人参果”，治贫血和营养不良等，又可供甜制食品及酿酒用；根含鞣料，可提制栲胶，并可入药，作收敛剂；茎叶可提取黄色染料；又是蜜源植物和饲料，植物。

《云南植物志》|| 蔷薇科 Rosaceae ||委陵菜属 Potentilla L. ||蕨麻 Potentilla anserina L.

19.蕨麻（中国植物志）
鹅绒委陵菜（图鉴），蕨麻委陵菜（秦岭植物志），延寿草、莲花菜、人参果、洋沙果（云南种子植物名录）
Potentilla anserina L. (1753); Wolf (1908); 东北植物检索表 (1959)*; 图鉴(1972)*; 秦岭植物志 (1974)*; 内蒙古植物志 (1977)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1985); Flora of China (2003).
Potentilla anserina var. sericea Hayne (1816); Potentilla anserina var. nuda Gaudin (1828); P. anserina var. viridis W. D. J. Koch. (1835); P. ansetrina L. f. incisa Wolf in Sitzber (1903).
多年生草本。根向下延长，有时在根的下部长成纺锤形或椭圆形块根；茎匍匐，在节处生根，常着地生出新植株，被伏生或半开展疏柔毛或脱落几无毛。基生叶为间断羽状复叶，有小叶6-11对，连同柄长2-20厘米，叶柄被伏生或半开展疏柔毛，有时脱落无毛。小叶对生或互生，无柄或顶生小叶有短柄，最上一对小叶基部下延与叶轴汇合，基部小叶渐小呈附片状；小叶片通常椭圆形，倒卵状椭圆形或椭圆形，长1-2.5厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，先端钝圆，基部楔形或宽楔形，边缘有多数锐尖锯齿或呈裂片状，上面绿色，被疏柔毛或脱落而无毛，背面密被银白色绢毛，叶脉可见，茎生叶与基生叶相似，唯小叶对数较少；基生叶和下部基生叶托叶膜质，褐色，和叶柄连成鞘状，被微毛，上部茎生叶托叶草质，多分裂。单花，腋生，花梗长2.5-8厘米，被疏柔毛，花直径1.5-2厘米；萼片三角状卵形，先端急尖或渐尖，副萼片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，常2-3裂，稀不裂，与副萼片近等长或稍短；花瓣黄色，倒卵形，先端圆形，比萼片长1倍；花柱侧生，小枝状，柱头稍增大。
产德钦、丽江、宁蒗；生于海拔2600-3250米的路边、山地草地。分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、四川、西藏。本种分布较广，横跨欧亚美三洲北半球温带，以及南美智利、大洋洲新西兰及塔斯马尼亚岛等地。
灰叶蕨麻 var. lericea Hayne (1816) 据《中国植物志》记载云南有分布，因未见标本。暂不收录。

《Flora of North America》|| Rosaceae || Potentilla || Potentilla anserina

1. Potentilla anserina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753.

Silverweed

Argentina anserina (Linnaeus) Rydberg

Basal leaves: petiole (0.5–)1–15(–25) cm, long hairs absent or sparse to dense, 1.5–3.5 mm; larger leaflets (0.4–)0.5–5(–7) × (0.2–)0.3–2(–3) cm, surfaces: abaxial with long hairs absent or sparse to abundant, not restricted to veins, 0.5–2(–2.5) mm, cottony-crisped hairs usually dense or usually absent (in subsp. groenlandica), adaxial with long hairs absent or sparse to abundant, cottony-crisped hairs usually absent, sometimes sparse to common (especially subsp. yukonensis). Flowers: epicalyx bractlets narrowly to broadly ovate-triangular or linear to elliptic, (2–)2.5–7(–8) × (0.3–)0.5–3(–3.5) mm, often 2-fid or dentate; sepals (3–)3.5–7(–9) mm, apex subacute to acuminate; petals (4–)5–15(–20) × (2.5–)3–10(–12) mm; filaments (1–)2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm, anthers 0.7–1.3 mm; carpels (10–)20–200(–250). Achenes 2 mm.

Subspecies 4 or 5 (4 in the flora): North America, Mexico, South America (Argentina, Chile), Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Guinea, New Zealand), s Australia.

Potentilla anserina is polymorphic in most features, especially in hairiness, but also in size and in degree of dissection of leaflets, epicalyx bractlets, and sepals. While most of the variation described by A. G. Blytt (1906) is taxonomically insignificant, A. Rousi (1965) found support for three northern races: subspp. anserina, egedei, and pacifica. He also suggested that P. yukonensis Hultén might qualify as a separate subspecies. This treatment follows J. Soják (1994) in accepting four northern subspecies of P. anserina, all present in North America.

A. Rousi (1965) demonstrated partial interfertility between the races of Potentilla anserina, which form intermediates in all zones of contact. The distinctness of the four races, in spite of intermediates, is upheld by being partly allopatric and occupying different habitats where they are sympatric. As partly interfertile parapatric entities, they are best treated as subspecies.

The vast majority of chromosome counts are tetraploid. Tetraploid plants (2n = 28) are fully fertile; hexaploids (2n = 42) are largely pollen and seed sterile; pentaploids (2n = 35) are probably occasional hybrids (S. Erlandsson 1942, 1942b; A. Rousi 1965). A. Kurtto et al. (in J. Jalas et al. 1972+, vol. 13) considered numbers above tetraploid level as cases of occasional autopolyploidy.