《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||天门冬组 Sect. Asparagus ||石刁柏 Asparagus officinalis L.

23.石刁柏（植物学大辞典）露笋（广州）图版39：1
Asparagus officinalis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 313. 1753; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 675, 图355. 1956. ——A. officinalis L. var. alfilis L., l. c. ——A. polyphyllus Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 30: 343. 1857.
直立草本，高可达1米。根粗2-3毫米。茎平滑，上部在后期常俯垂，分枝较柔 弱。叶状枝每3-6枚成簇，近扁的圆柱形，略有钝稜，纤细，常稍弧曲，长5-30毫 米，粗0.3-0.5毫米；鳞片状叶基部有刺状短距或近无距。花每1-4朵腋生，绿黄 色；花梗长8-12（-14）毫米，关节位于上部或近中部；雄花：花被长5-6毫米；花 丝中部以下贴生于花被片上；雌花较小，花被长约3毫米。浆果直径7-8毫米，熟时 红色，有2-3颗种子。花期5-6月，果期9-10月。
我国新疆西北部（塔城）有野生的，其他地区多为栽培，少数也有变为野生的。
嫩 苗可供蔬食。
有些学者主张把苏联西伯利亚、中亚一带产的类型（叶状枝较粗短，长 0.25-1厘米）从本种分出，称为A. polyphyllus Stev.,我国新疆产的即为这种类型。 但本种叶状枝的形状变化较大，在大量栽培的个体中，叶状枝粗短的也很常见，难以 区分，所以加以归并。

《云南植物志》|| 假叶树科 Ruscaceae ||天门冬属 Asparagus L. ||石刁柏 Asparagus officinalis L.

13.石刁柏（园艺书籍通称）图版229，7—10
芦笋（广州），龙须菜（通称）
Asparagus officinalis L. (1753); 广州植物志 (1956)*; "图鉴" (1976)*; 秦岭植物志 (1976); 中国植物志 (1978)*; 西藏植物志 (1987).
直立草本；根状茎短。根多数，伸长，粗2—3毫米，近肉质，但不膨大为块根状。茎丛生，高可达1米，平滑，暗绿色，上部在生长后期常俯垂；分枝绿色，柔软，有不明显的钝棱。叶状枝绿色，3—6枚成簇，近圆柱形，细长，略有钝棱，常稍弧曲，长短不一，长1.3—2.5厘米；鳞片状叶有刺状短距或无距，膜质，黄白色。花每1—4朵腋生；花梗丝状，长8—14毫米，关节位于中部或稍上；花被白色；雄花长5—6毫米，花丝中部以上贴生于花被片上；雌花较小，长约3毫米。浆果成熟红色，直径7—8毫米，有2—3颗种子。花期5—6月，果8—9月成熟。
昆明等地及我国南北各省栽培。原产欧洲；世界各地都有栽培。
嫩苗供蔬食，有的生食，有的加工作罐头。近年来发现本种对防治癌症有良效。

《Flora of China》|| Liliaceae || Asparagus ||石刁柏 Asparagus officinalis

27. Asparagus officinalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 313. 1753.

石刁柏 shi diao bai

Asparagus officinalis var. altilis Linnaeus; A. polyphyllus Steven.

Herbs dioecious. Roots 2--3 mm thick, rather slender. Stems suberect, to 1 m, usually slightly pendent apically; branches soft. Cladodes in fascicles of 3--6, 0.5--3 cm × ca. 0.4 mm, subterete, slightly flattened, irregularly grooved. Leaf spur slightly spinescent or indistinct. Inflorescences developing after cladodes. Flowers of both sexes solitary of in clusters of 2--4; pedicel 0.8--1.2(--1.4) cm. Male flowers: perianth yellowish green, campanulate, 5--6 mm; filaments adnate to perianth segments for ca. 1/2 their length; anthers 1--1.5 mm. Female flowers: perianth ca. 3 mm. Berry red, 7--8 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug. 2 n = 20*, 40.

Steppes. NW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia; NW Africa, C and SW Asia, Europe, widely cultivated elsewhere].

A very variable species; some cultivars are grown as a vegetable in China.

《Flora of North America》|| Liliaceae || Asparagus || Asparagus officinalis

1. Asparagus officinalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 313. 1753.

Garden asparagus, common asparagus

Herbs, erect, 1–2.5 m; rhizomes fibrous. Stems annual, densely branched distally; branches finely dissected, ascending to perpendicular, unarmed; cladophylls in clusters of (2–)4–15(–25) per node, filiform, straight or curved, 1–3 cm. Leaves scalelike, 3–4 mm; blade lanceolate, base hardened. Inflorescences in axillary racemes, 1–3-flowered. Flowers some unisexual; perianth campanulate, yellow or yellowish green; tepals connate 1–2 mm, greenish white, 3–8 × 1–2 mm; pedicel 8–12 mm, jointed at or above middle. Berries red, 6–10 mm. Seeds 2–4. 2n = 20, 40.

Flowering summer. Fields, fencerows, roadsides, disturbed areas; 0--2500 m; introduced; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Europe; Asia; n Africa; naturalized in temperate regions worldwide.

Eaten as a vegetable, Asparagus officinalis has been widely cultivated for its young shoots since ancient Greek times. The species is naturalized in many temperate climates. Mature asparagus has caused poisoning in cattle (J. M. Kingsbury 1964). Young plants can cause dermatitis, and the red berries are suspected of poisoning humans (E. M. Schmutz and L. B. Hamilton 1979). The species is dioecious (J. E. Lazarte and B. F. Palser 1979), and homomorphic sex chromosomes have been identified (H. Loptien 1979).