《中国植物志》|| 凤仙花科 BALSAMINACEAE ||凤仙花属 Impatiens L. ||凤仙花 Impatiens balsamina L.

2. 凤仙花（本草纲目）指甲花，急性子，凤仙透骨草 图版1: 1-9
Impatiens balsamina L. Sp. Pl. 938. 1753; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 100. 1886; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 646. 1933; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 735. 图3200. 1972. 陈艺林, 植物研究8(2): 3. 1988; 东北草本植物志6: 55. 图版22. 图1-2. 1977.——Balsamina hortensis Desk. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 3: 485. 1816.
一年生草本，高60-100厘米。茎粗壮，肉质，直立，不分枝或有分枝，无毛或幼时被疏柔毛，基部直径可达8毫米，具多数纤维状根，下部节常膨大。叶互生，最下部叶有时对生；叶片披针形、狭椭圆形或倒披针形，长4-12厘米、宽1.5-3厘米，先端尖或渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有锐锯齿，向基部常有数对无柄的黑色腺体，两面无毛或被疏柔毛，侧脉4-7对；叶柄长1-3厘米，上面有浅沟，两侧具数对具柄的腺体。花单生或2-3朵簇生于叶腋，无总花梗，白色、粉红色或紫色，单瓣或重瓣；花梗长2-2.5厘米，密被柔毛；苞片线形，位于花梗的基部；侧生萼片2，卵形或卵状披针形，长2-3毫米，唇瓣深舟状，长13-19毫米，宽4-8毫米，被柔毛，基部急尖成长1-2.5厘米内弯的距；旗瓣圆形，兜状，先端微凹，背面中肋具狭龙骨状突起，顶端具小尖，翼瓣具短柄，长23-35毫米，2裂，下部裂片小，倒卵状长圆形，上部裂片近圆形，先端2浅裂，外缘近基部具小耳；雄蕊5，花丝线形，花药卵球形，顶端钝；子房纺锤形，密被柔毛。蒴果宽纺锤形，长10-20毫米：两端尖，密被柔毛。种子多数，圆球形，直径1.5-3毫米，黑褐色。花期7-10月。
我国各地庭园广泛栽培，为习见的观赏花卉。
民间常用其花及叶染指甲。茎及种子入药。茎称“凤仙透骨草”，有祛风湿、活血、止痛之效，用于治风湿性关节痛、屈伸不利；种子称“急性子”，有软坚、消积之效，用于治噎膈、骨鲠咽喉、腹部肿块、闭经。

《云南植物志》|| 凤仙花科 Balsaminaceae ||凤仙花属 Impatiens L. ||凤仙花 Impatiens balsamina L.

2.凤仙花（本草纲目）
指甲花、急性子、灯盏花
Impatiens balsamina L. (1753); Hook. f. (1875), (1908); Hemsl. (1886): Diels (1912); Liu (1928); Hand.-Mazz. (1933); L. H. Bailey (1949); 海南植物志 (1964); 图鉴 (1972)*; Y. L Chen (1978), in clavi; Hara (1979); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 西藏植物志 (1986)*; 横断山维管植物 (1993); 中国植物志 (2001)*.
一年生草本，高40-100厘米。茎肉质，直立，粗壮。叶互生，披针形，长4-12厘米，宽1-3厘米，先端长渐尖，基部渐狭、边缘具锐锯齿，侧脉5-9对；叶柄长1-3厘米，两侧有数个腺体。花梗短，单生或数个簇生叶腋，密生短柔毛；花大，粉红色、红色、紫色、白色或杂色，单瓣或重瓣（栽培）；侧生萼片2，宽卵形，被短柔毛；旗瓣圆形，先端凹，有小短尖头，背面中肋呈龙骨状突起；翼瓣宽大，有短柄，2裂，基裂片近圆形，上裂片宽斧形，先端2浅裂；唇瓣舟形，被疏短柔毛，基部突然变狭延长成细而内弯的距；花丝短，花药钝。蒴果纺锤形，密生茸毛。种子多数，球形，黑色。花期7-8月。
云南各地均有栽培，全国南北各省区也有栽培。分布从印度至我国，现广植世界各地温带及亚热带地区（印度、马来西亚、斯里兰卡、菲律宾至日本）等地。
根茎、花及种子入药，有活血散瘀、利尿、清热解毒等功效。种子还可榨油。花极美丽，供观赏；民间还用花染指甲。

《Flora of China》|| Balsaminaceae || Impatiens ||凤仙花 Impatiens balsamina

2. Impatiens balsamina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 938. 1753.

凤仙花 feng xian hua

Balsamina hortensis Desportes (1816), not A. St.-Hilaire (1808).

Plants annual, 60-100 cm tall. Stem erect, robust, base ca. 8 mm in diam., succulent, simple or branched, glabrous or laxly pubescent when young, with many fibrous roots, lower nodes swollen. Leaves alternate, sometimes lowest ones opposite; petiole 1-3 cm, adaxially shallowly sulcate, both sides with few pairs of stipitate glands; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4-12 × 1.5-3 cm, with a pair of sessile black glands toward base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2 or 3 flowers fascicled in leaf axils, without peduncles. Pedicels 2-2.5 cm, densely pubescent, bracteate at base; bracts linear. Flowers white, pink, or purple, simple or double petalous. Lateral sepals 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Lower sepal deeply navicular, 13-19 × 4-8 mm, pubescent, abruptly narrowed into an incurved spur; spur 1-2.5 cm, slender. Upper petal orbicular, apex retuse, mucronulate, abaxial midvein narrowly carinate; lateral united petals shortly clawed, 2.3-2.5 cm, 2-lobed; basal lobes obovate-oblong, small; distal lobes suborbicular, apically retuse; auricule narrow. Stamens 5; filaments linear; anthers ovoid, apex obtuse. Ovary fusiform, densely pubescent. Capsule broadly fusiform, 1-2 cm, densely tomentose, narrowed at both ends. Seeds many, black-brown, globose, 1.5-3 mm in diam., tuberculate. Fl. Jul-Oct. 2n = 14*.

A common ornamental plant, widely cultivated in gardens and houses throughout China [native to SE Asia; cultivated worldwide].

The flowers and leaves are often used for coloring fingernails. The stem and seeds are used medicinally for promoting blood circulation and for relieving pain and sore throats.