《中国植物志》|| 十字花科 CRUCIFERAE ||碎米荠组 Sect. Cardamine ||碎米荠 Cardamine hirsuta L.

26. 碎米荠（野菜谱）
Cardamine hirsuta L. Sp. Pl. 655. 1753; DC. Prodr. 1: 152. 1824; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 18: 278. 1872; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. de France 33: 397. 1886; ——C. hirsuta L. var. flaccida Franch. l. c. 398. 1886; Franch. Pl. Delav. 53. 1889; O. E. Schulz in Engl. Not. Jahrb. 32: 464. 1903; 广州植物志114. 1956; 江苏南部种子植物手册323. 图514. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 54. 图1837. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 388. 1974; 湖北植物志2: 44, 图740. 1979。
一年生小草本，高15-35厘米。茎直立或斜升，分枝或不分枝，下部有时淡紫色，被较密柔毛，上部毛渐少。基生叶具叶柄，有小叶2-5对，顶生小叶肾形或肾圆形，长4-10毫米，宽5-13毫米，边缘有3-5圆齿，小叶柄明显，侧生小叶卵形或圆形，较顶生的形小，基部楔形而两侧稍歪斜，边缘有2-3圆齿，有或无小叶柄；茎生叶具短柄，有小叶3-6对，生于茎下部的与基生叶相似，生于茎上部的顶生小叶菱状长卵形，顶端3齿裂，侧生小叶长卵形至线形，多数全缘；全部小叶两面稍有毛。总状花序生于枝顶，花小，直径约3毫米，花梗纤细，长2.5-4毫米；萼片绿色或淡紫色，长椭圆形，长约2毫米，边缘膜质，外面有疏毛；花瓣白色，倒卵形，长3-5毫米，顶端钝，向基部渐狭；花丝稍扩大；雌蕊柱状，花柱极短，柱头扁球形。长角果线形，稍扁，无毛，长达30毫米；果梗纤细，直立开展，长4-12毫米。种子椭圆形，宽约1毫米，顶端有的具明显的翅。花期2-4月，果 期4-6月。
分布几遍全国。多生于海拔1000米以下的山坡、路旁、荒地及耕地的草丛中。亦广布于全球温带地区。模式标本采自欧洲。
全草可作野菜食用；也供药用，能清热去湿。

《云南植物志》|| 十字花科 Cruciferae nom. conserv. ||碎米荠属 Cardamine L. ||碎米荠 Cardamine hirsuta L.

20.碎米荠（野菜谱）图版19，5—7
Cardamine hirsuta L. (1753); O. E. Schulz in Engl. (1903); 广州植物志 (1956); "图鉴" (1972)*; 秦岭植物志 (1974); Griers (1984); K. C. Kuan (1985)*; 中国植物志 (1987).
一年生草本。茎单一或通常多数，上升或直立，高10—20（—30）厘米，不分枝或基部分枝，绿色，但下部有时呈淡紫色，被白色硬毛。基生叶有柄，奇数羽状复叶，顶生小叶菱状长卵形，长0.4—1.4厘米，有3—5圆齿，侧生小叶1—3对，较小，歪斜；茎生叶有侧生小叶2—3对，小叶狭倒卵形至线形；全部小叶基部均渐狭成小叶柄，上面及边缘有疏柔毛。总状花序有花7—20朵，花时呈伞房状，花后延长；花梗纤细，花时长3—4毫米，直立开展或近水平，开展，果时长5—12毫米；萼片狭长圆形，长约2毫米，先端钝，边缘膜质，背部有疏毛；花瓣白色，狭卵状楔形，长2.5—3毫米，先端钝形，基部渐狭成爪；雄蕊4（—6），内雄蕊长2.5毫米，外雄蕊稍短，长1.8—2.2毫米，花药长0.4毫米；雌蕊与花瓣近等长，子房无毛，花柱不明显，柱头显著且与子房等宽。长角果狭线形，长达3厘米，稍扁平，宽约1毫米，喙短；果瓣绿黄色；隔膜膜质，白色；种子长圆状卵形，暗褐色，长约1毫米，有狭翅。花期3—4月，果期5—6月。
除滇西北高山地区外几遍布全省各地，生山坡、路旁、荒地及耕地的草丛中，海拔600—2700米；我国其它各省区也有。亦见于全球温带各地。

《Flora of North America》|| Brassicaceae || Cardamine || Cardamine hirsuta

18. Cardamine hirsuta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 655. 1753.

Annuals; sparsely hirsute basally (at least on petiole of basal leaves), often glabrous distally. Rhizomes absent. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.3-)1-3.5 (-4.5) dm, (not flexuous). Basal leaves (persistent to anthesis), rosulate, (5-)8-15(-22)-foliolate, (2-)3.5-15(-17) cm, leaflets petiolulate; petiole 0.5-5 cm, (ciliate); lateral leaflet blade oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal, margins entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2-1 cm), blade reniform or orbicular, 0.4-2 cm × 6-30 mm, margins entire, repand, dentate, or 3 or 5-lobed. Cauline leaves 1-4(-6), compound as basal, petiolate, [(0.5-)1.2-5.5 (-7) cm, including petiole], leaflets petiolulate; blade base not auriculate; leaflets similar to basal. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels erect to ascending, (2-) 3-10(-14) mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, 1.5-2.5 × 0.3-0.7 mm, lateral pair not saccate; petals (sometimes absent) white, spatulate, 2.5-4.5(-5) × 0.5-1.1 mm; (stamens usually 4, lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6); filaments 1.8-3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm. Fruits linear, (torulose), (0.9-)1.5-2.5(-2.8) cm × (0.8-)1-1.4 mm, (often appressed to rachis); ovules 14-40 per ovary; style 0.1-0.6(-1) mm. Seeds light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9-1.3(-1.5) × 0.6-0.9 (-1.1) mm, (narrowly margined). 2n = 16.

Flowering Feb-Jul. Roadsides, clearings, disturbed sites, slopes, cedar glades, mixed woods, meadows, fields, waste grounds, damp places, grassy areas; 0-700 m; introduced; B.C., Ont.; Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Va., Wash., W.Va.; w Eurasia; introduced also in Central America, South America, e Asia (Japan), South Africa, Australia.

Herbarium specimens of Cardamine hirsuta have been misidentified as C. oligosperma.

《Flora of China》|| Brassicaceae || Cardamine ||碎米荠 Cardamine hirsuta

46. Cardamine hirsuta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 655. 1753.

碎米荠 sui mi ji

Cardamine hirsuta var. formosana Hayata.

Herbs annual, (3-)10-35(-45) cm tall, sparsely hirsute at least along petioles of basal leaves, often glabrous above. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent, 1 to several from base, simple or branched above, not flexuous. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole ciliate, 0.5-5 cm; leaf blade (1.5-)2.5-10(-13) cm, lyrate-pinnatisect; terminal lobe reniform or orbicular, 0.4-2 × 0.6-3 cm, margin entire, repand, dentate, or 3-5-lobed; lateral lobes (1-)3-7(-11) on each side of midvein, petiolulate, oblong, ovate, obovate, or orbicular, smaller than terminal lobe, entire, repand, crenate, or 3-lobed. Cauline leaves 1-4(-6), rarely absent, shortly petiolate, including petiole (0.5-)1.2-5.5(-7) cm; petiole base not auriculate; lateral lobes (2-)4-7(-10) on each side of midvein, ovate, oblong, oblanceolate, or linear, sessile or shortly petiolulate, entire, repand, or dentate. Fruiting pedicels erect or ascending, (2-)3-10(-14) mm, slender. Sepals oblong, 1.5-2.5 × 0.3-0.7 mm. Petals white, spatulate, 2.5-4.5(-5) × 0.5-1.1 mm, sometimes absent. Stamens 4 and lateral pair often absent, rarely 5 or 6; filaments 1.8-3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm. Ovules 14-40 per ovary. Fruit linear, (0.9-)1.5-2.5(-2.8) cm × (0.8-)1-1.4 mm; valves glabrous, torulose; style 0.1-0.6(-1) mm. Seeds light brown, oblong or subquadrate, 0.9-1.3(-1.5) × 0.6-0.9(-1.1) mm, narrowly margined. Fl. Feb-May, fr. Apr-Jul. 2n = 16.

Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, clearings, wastelands, damp places, grassy areas; near sea level to 3000 m. Throughout China [India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam; SW Asia, Europe; naturalized in S Africa, Australia, North and South America].

A highly variable species, especially with respect to plant size, density of indumentum, number, shape, size, and margins of lateral leaf lobes, and flower morphology (e.g., presence vs. absence of petals and stamen number). The species has been divided into more than 15 subspecies, varieties, and forms. However, all of these taxa are based on characters that can be highly variable even within the same population. Only one synonym pertinent to China is cited above. For additional synonymy, the reader should consult Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 464-473. 1903).

Most of the specimens identified as Cardamine hirsuta in the Chinese herbaria consulted by the present authors belong to C. flexuosa. The two species can be separated easily by the above key. Furthermore, about 80% of the plants of C. hirsuta have flowers with four stamens and 18% have five, whereas about 97% of those of C. flexuosa have six stamens.